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Protein mapping by combined isoelectric focusing and electrophoresis of mouse tissues

A novel approach to testing for induced point mutations in mammals

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Summary

The protein-mapping method which combines isoelectric focusing in acrylamide gel and gel electrophoresis was previously used mainly for the separation of plant proteins and human serum proteins. We investigated with this technique soluble proteins of mouse tissues(whole embryos, the liver of fetal and adult mice, kidneys) and the proteins of mouse serum. The technique was tested under a number of different conditions to find those best for our purpose; they may represent some general improvements in the method. The protein patterns show high resolution and excellent reproducibility. About 275 spots were found for fetal liver, about 230 for whole embryos (day 14 p.c.) and about 100 for serum.

The fact that a high number of protein spots can be evaluated by a single and comparatively simple experiment suggests that this method may be useful as an assay system for induced point mutations. The protein patterns demonstrated are compared and discussed in this respect.

Some theoretical aspects of recognizing point mutations by such a technique are discussed. Finally, we mention some preliminary results which suggest that the protein mapping method may also be suitable for studying embryonic development in connection with genetical and teratological problems.

Zusammenfassung

Die Protein-Mapping-Methode, eine Kombination der isoelektrischen Focussierung in Acrylamidgel mit der Gelelektrophorese, wurde bisher hauptsächlich für die Trennung von pflanzlichen Proteinen und von Serumproteinen des Menschen verwendet. Wir untersuchten mit dieser Methode lösliche Proteine von Geweben der Maus (Gesamt-Embryonen, Leber von fetalen und adulten Mäusen, Nieren) und die Proteine von Mäuseserum. Die Technik wurde unter einer Anzahl verschiedener Bedingungen getestet, um die besten für unsere Zwecke herauszufinden; diese Bedingungen stellen möglicherweise eine generelle Verbesserung der Methode dar. Die Proteinmuster zeigen eine hohe Auflösung und ausgezeichnete Reproduzierbarkeit. Etwa 275 spots wurden für fetale Leber gefunden, etwa 230 für ganze Embryonen (Tag 14 p.c.) und etwa 100 für Serum.

Die Tatsache, daß eine große Zahl von Proteinspots in einem einzelnen und relativ einfachen Experiment demonstriert werden können, legt nahe, daß diese Methode für ein Testsytem zum Nachweis von induzierten Punktmutationen geeignet ist. Die dargestellten Protein-muster werden unter diesem Aspekt verglichen und diskutiert.

Einige theoretische Aspekte hinsichtlich des Nachweises von Punktmutationen durch eine solche Technik werden diskutiert. Schließlich erwähnen wir einige vorläufige Ergebnisse, die zeigen, daß die Protein-Mapping-Methode auch für das Studium der embryonalen Entwicklung in Verbindung mit genetischen und teratologischen Problemen geeignet sein kann.

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This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. (Grants given to the Sonderforschungsbereich 29—Embryonale Entwicklung und Differenzierung [Embryonal-Pharmakologie] in Berlin.)

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Klose, J. Protein mapping by combined isoelectric focusing and electrophoresis of mouse tissues. Hum Genet 26, 231–243 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00281458

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