Abstract
The X chromosomally located allele Sgs-4 c for a larval secretion protein of Drosophila melanogaster is normally expressed in female larvae of the strain Oregon R and is hyperexpressed in male larvae exhibiting dosage compensation; the allele Sgs-4 d in the strain Samarkand is weakly expressed and is not hyperexpressed in male larvae showing a dosage effect. P element-mediated transformation of upstream DNA sequences from both alleles combined with Sgs-4 d coding and downstream sequences was performed to localize sequences which are responsible for the level of gene expression and for hyperexpression of Sgs-4 c in male larvae. Our results demonstrate that weak expression and dosage effect are inherited with the upstream region from −1 to −838. This Samarkand fragment differs from the homologous Oregon R region only by a C to T transiion at −344 which lies within an assumed binding sequence for the ecdysone receptor complex of dyad base symmetry. Replacing the Samarkand upstream region from −1 to −838 by the Oregon R region restores normal Sgs-4 expression and dosage compensation. Hyperexpression in male larvae displays high sensitivity to position effect and is nearly completely inhibited in one transformed line under heterozygous conditions. The integration of an Sgs-4 d transposon into a weak spot of polytene chromosome 2L results in a decrease in gene expression. The GTT- and GT-rich regions at −1.2 and −2.0 kb do not obviously influence Sgs-4 expression but possibly play a role in induction of stage-specific chromosome puffing.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bridges CB (1941) A revision of the salivary gland 3R-chromosome map of Drosophila melanogaster. J Hered 32:299–300
Crosby MA, Meyerowitz EM (1986) Drosophila glue gene Sgs-3: sequences required for puffing and transcriptional regulation. Dev Biol 118:593–607
Crowley TE, Mathers PH, Meyerowitz EM (1984) A trans-acting regulatory product necessary for expression of the Drosophila melanogaster 68C glue gene cluster. Cell 39:149–156
Hansson L, Lambertsson A (1983) The role of su(f) gene function and ecdysterone in transcription of glue polypeptide mRNA in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Gen Genet 192:395–401
Hansson L, Lineruth K, Lambertsson A (1981) Effect of the 1(1)su(f)ts67g mutation of Drosophila melanogaster on the glue protein synthesis. Wilhelm Roux Arch Dev Biol 190:308–312
Hofmann A, Korge G (1987) Upstream sequences of dosage-compensated and non-compensated alleles of the larval secretion protein gene Sgs-4 in Drosophila. Chromosoma 96:1–7
Huijser P, Hennig W, Dijkhof R (1987) Poly (dC-dA/dG-dT) repeats in the Drosophila genome: a key function for dosage compensation and position effects? Chromosoma 95:209–215
Kaiser K, Furia M, Glover DM (1986) Dosage compensation at the Sgs-4 locus of Drosophila melanogaster. J Mol Biol 187:529–536
Karess RE, Rubin GM (1984) Analysis of P transposable element functions in Drosophila. Cell 38:135–146
Korge G (1975) Chromosome puff activity and protein synthesis in larval salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72:4550–4554
Korge G (1981) Genetic analysis of the larval secretion gene Sgs-4 and its regulatory chromosome sites in Drosophila melanoaster. Chromosoma 84:373–390
Korge G (1987) Polytene chromosomes. In: Hennig W (ed) Results and problems in cell differentiation, vol. 14. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 27–58
Krumm A, Roth GE, Korge G (1985) Transformation of salivary gland secretion protein gene Sgs-4 in Drosophila: stage- and tissue-specific regulation, dosage compensation, and position effect. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:5055–5059
Lefevre G (1976) A photographic representation and interpretation of the polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster salivary glands. In: Ashburner M, Novitski E (eds) The genetics and biology of Drosophila, vol. 1a. Academic Press, London, New York, San Francisco, pp 31–66
Lifschytz E (1983) Sequence replication and organization in the polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. J Mol Biol 164:17–34
Lindsley DL, Grell EH (1968) Genetic variations of Drosophila melanogaster. Carnegie Inst Wash Publ 627
McGinnis W, Shermoen AW, Heemskerk J, Beckendorf SK (1983) DNA sequence changes in an upstream DNase I-hypersensitive region are correlated with reduced gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:1063–1067
McNabb SL, Beckendorf SK (1986) Cis-acting sequences which regulate expression of the Sgs-4 glue protein gene of Drosophila. EMBO J 5:2331–2340
Mestril R, Schiller P, Amin J, Klapper H, Ananthan J, Voellmy R (1986) Heat shock and ecdysterone activation of the Drosophila melanogaster hsp23 gene; a sequence element implied in developmental regulation. EMBO J 5:1667–1673
Meyerowith EM, Crosby MA, Garfinkel MD, Martin CH, Mathers PH, Raghavan V (1985) The 68C glue puff of Drosophila. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 50:347–353
Möritz Th, Edström JE, Pongs O (1984) Cloning of a gene localized and expressed at the ecdysteroid regulated puff 74EF in salivary glands of Drosophila larvae. EMBO J 3:289–295
Muskavitch MAT, Hogness DS (1982) An expandable gene that encodes a Drosophila glue protein is not expressed in variants lacking remote upstream sequences. Cell 29:1041–1051
Pardue LM, Lowenhaupt K, Rich A, Nordheim A 61987) (dC-dA)n·(dG-dT)n sequences have evolutionarily conserved chromosomal locations in Drosophila with implications for roles in chromosome structure and function. EMBO J 6:1781–1789
Richards G, Cassab A, Bourouis M, Jarry B, Dissous C (1983) The normal developmental regulation of cloned Sgs-3 glue gene chromosomally integrated in Drosophila melanogaster by P element transformation. EMBO J 2:2137–2142
Rubin GM, Spradling AC (1982) Genetic transformation of Drosophila with transposable element vectors. Science 218:348–353
Rubin GM, Spradling AC (1983) Vectors for P element mediated gene transfer in Drosophila. Nucleic Acids Res 11:6341–6351
Scholnick SB, Morgan BA, Hirsh J (1983) The cloned dopa decarboxylase gene is developmentally regulated when reintegrated into the Drosophila genome. Cell 34:37–45
Shermoen AW, Beckendorf SK (1982) A complex of interacting DNase I-hypersensitive sites near the Drosophila glue protein gene, Sgs-4. Cell 29:601–607
Shermoen AW, Jongens J, Barnett SW, Flynn K, Beckendorf SK (1987) Developmental regulation by an enhancer from the Sgs-4 gene of Drosophila. EMBO J 6:207–214
Spradling AC, Rubin GM (1982) Transposition of cloned P elements into Drosophila germ line chromosomes. Science 218:341–347
Spradling AC, Rubin GM (1983) The effect of chromosomal position on the expression of the Drosophila xanthine dehydrogenase gene. Cell 34:47–57
Spradling AC, de Cicco DY, Wakimoto BT, Levine JF, Kalfayan LJ, Cooley L (1987) Amplification of the X-linked Drosophila chorion gene cluster requires a region upstream from the s38 chorion gene. EMBO J 6:1045–1053
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hofmann, A., Keinhorst, A., Krumm, A. et al. Regulatory sequences of the Sgs-4 gene of Drosophila melanogaster analysed by P element-mediated transformation. Chromosoma 96, 8–17 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00285877
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00285877