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Electromyogram and nerve conduction in patients with acute intermittent porphyria

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Summary

Diminished activity of uroporphyrinogen I-synthetase in the liver and other tissues may be regarded to be the primary genetic deficiency of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP). Increased production and renal excretion of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) und porphobilinogen (PBG) are secondary phenomena. The neuropsychiatric symptomatology of AIP consists of neuropathy, vegetative crises and exogenous psychoses.

In this study electromyographic and neurographic investigations were performed on 20 persons with AIP. 16 patients had experienced attacks of AIP, 10 of them including neuropathy. 4 persons showed the biochemical findings of AIP but had not yet had symptoms.

In cases with persistent pareses following porphyric neuropathy denervation signs or sequelae were still present. In patients without clinical symptoms and in latent cases there were normal or borderline findings. Motor nerve conduction velocity was mostly decreased in combination with denervation signs and in a range that indicated a primarily axonal nerve lesion and consequent myelin damage rather than primary demyelinization. The mean motor conduction velocity of n. tibialis was somewhat lower in patients with porphyric crises without neuropathy than in latent cases without any clinical crises. The differences were not significant in other nerves. The findings are discussed under consideration of the electrodiagnostic results of other investigations and of neuropathological and clinical data.

Zusammenfassung

Bei 20 Patienten mit akuter intermittierender Porphyrie (AIP) wurden elektromyographische und elektroneurographische Untersuchungen durchgeführt. 16 Patienten hatten Krankheitsschübe mit und ohne Polyneuropathie ein- oder mehrmals durchgemacht. 4 Personen hatten bisher keinen klinischen Schub, wiesen aber die typischen biochemischen Befunde der AIP auf.

Bei abgelaufener Neuropathie und in der Kompensationsphase noch bestehenden neurologischen Symptomen waren Denervationsfolgen elektrodiagnostisch feststellbar, bei klinisch unauffälligen und bei latenten Fällen waren Normal- oder Grenzbefunde zu erheben. Die Nervenleitgeschwindigkeit ist meistens in einem Ausmaß verändert, das auf eine primär axonale Schädigung und nicht auf eine primäre Demyelinisation hinweist. Die mittlere (maximale) motorische NLG des Nervus tibialis lag in der Gruppe von Patienten mit Porphyrieschüben ohne Polyneuropathie etwas niedriger als in den latenten Fällen ohne jede klinischen Symptome. In anderen Nerven waren entsprechende Unterschiede nicht signifikant.

Die Befunde werden unter Berücksichtigung elektrodiagnostischer Ergebnisse anderer Untersucher, klinischer und neuropathologischer Befunde diskutiert.

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Herrn Prof. Dr. Richard Jung zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet

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Flügel, K.A., Druschky, KF. Electromyogram and nerve conduction in patients with acute intermittent porphyria. J. Neurol. 214, 267–279 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00316572

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