Abstract
The influence of the administration of thiamin (vitamin B1), ascorbic acid (vitamin C) or their combination on the efficacy of two thiol metal chelators, viz. α-mercapto-β-(2-furyl) acrylic acid (MFA) and 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMS), in counteracting lead (Pb) toxicity was investigated in rats. Ascorbic acid or its combination with thiamine enhanced the urinary elimination of Pb, reduced the hepatic and renal burden of Pb, and reversed the Pb-induced inhibition of the activity of blood 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALA-D). All these effects were more evident in DMS- than in MFA-treated rats. The combination of MFA and DMS treatments further improved the performance of the animals in enhancing urinary Pb excretion and in reducing Pb hepatic levels.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdulla M, Haeger-Aronsen B (1973) Antagonistic effect of zinc in relatively high concentration on inhibition of aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity by heavy metal, in vitro. IRCS Gen Pharmacol 1: 8–14
Bankowska J, Hine C (1985) Retention of lead in the rat. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 14: 621–629
Berlin A, Schaller KH (1974) European standardized method for the determination of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydrate activity in blood. Z Klin Chem Klin Biochem 12: 389–390
Bratton GR, Zmudzki J, Bell MC, Warnock L (1981) Thiamine (Vitamin B1), effects on lead intoxication and deposition of lead in tissues. Therapeutic potentials. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 59: 164–172
Campaigne E, Cline RE (1956) Preparation and absorption spectra of some α-mercapto acrylic acids and related disulfides. J Org Chem 21: 32–38
Davis JR, Abraham RH, Fishbein WI, Fabrega EA (1968) Urinary delta aminolevulinic acid (ALA) levels in lead poisoning II. Correlation of ALA values with clinical findings in 250 children with suspected lead ingestion. Arch Environ Hlth 17: 164–171
Flora SJS, Tandon SK (1986) Preventive and therapeutic effects of thiamine, ascorbic acid and their combination in lead intoxication. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 58: 374–378
Flora SJS, Singh S, Tandon SK (1986) Chelation in metal intoxication XVIII: Combined effects of thiamine and calcium disodium versenate on lead toxicity. Life Sci 38: 67–71
Fox MRS (1975) Protective effects of ascorbic acid against toxicity of heavy metals. Ann NY Acad Sci 258: 144–150
Friedheim E, Graziano JH, Popovac D, Dragovic C, Kaul B (1978) Treatment of lead poisoning by 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid. Lancet ii: 1234–1235
Giroux E, Lachmann PJ (1983) Thiol antidote to inorganic mercury toxicity with an uncharacteristic mechanism. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 67: 178–183
Goyer RA, Cherian MG (1979) Ascorbic acid and EDTA treatment of lead toxicity in rats. Life Sci 24: 433–438
Grandjean P (1979) Occupational lead exposure in Denmark: screening with the hematofluorometer. Br J Ind Med 36: 52–58
Graziano JH, Leong JK, Friedheim E (1978) 2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic acid: a new agent for the treatment of lead poisoning. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 206: 696–700
Kopito L, Schwachman H (1967) Determination of lead in urine by atomic absorption spectroscopy using coprecipitation with bismuth. J Lab Clin Med 70: 326–332
Okonishnikova JE, Rosenberg EE, Rezina JA (1976) The therapeutic-prophylactic effect of succimer in experimental subacute lead acetate poisoning. Gig Tr Prof Zabol 8: 24–28
Papaioannou R, Sohler A (1978) Effects of zinc and vitamin C on workers exposed to lead. Fed Proc 37: 405
Papaioannou R, Sohler A, Pfeiffer CC (1978) Reduction of blood lead levels in battery workers by zinc and vitamin C. J Orthomol Psychiatr 7: 94–106
Pillemer L, Seifter J, Kuehn AO, Ecker EE (1940) Vitamin C in chronic lead poisoning. An experimental study. Am J Med Sci 200: 322–327
Prakash NJ, Schechter PJ, Giroux E, Sjoerdama A (1977) Unusual effect of some α-mercapto acrylic acids on the metabolism of zinc in the rat. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 4: 17–26
Rudrapal D, Chatterjee J, Chatterjee GC (1975) Influence of lead administration on l-ascorbic acid metabolism in rats: Effect of l-ascorbic acid supplementation. Int J Vit Nutr Res 45: 429–437
Sasser LB, Hall GG, Bratton GR, Zmudzki J (1984) Absorption and tissue distribution of lead in thiamine replete and thiamine deficient rats. J Nutr 114: 1816–1825
Sharma BL, Kachru DN, Singh S, Tandon SK (1986) Chelation in metal intoxication XIX: α-mercapto-β-aryl acrylic acids as antidotes to nickel and lead toxicity. J Appl Toxicol 6: 253–257
Suzuki T, Yoshida A (1979a) Effect of dietary supplementation of iron and ascorbic acid on lead toxicity in rats. J Nutr 109: 982–988
Suzuki T, Yoshida A (1979b) Effectiveness of dietary iron and ascorbic acid in the prevention and cure of moderately longterm lead toxicity in rats. J Nutr 109: 1974–1978
Tandon SK, Flora SJS, Singh S (1987) Chelation in metal intoxication XXIV: Influence of various components of vitamin B complex on therapeutic efficacy of disodium calcium versenate in lead intoxication. Pharmacol Toxicol 60: 62–65
Tokarski E, Reio L (1978) Effect of lead poisoning on thiamine status and function in liver and blood of rats. Acta Chem Scand B 32: 375–379
Wang SC, Ting KS, Wu CC (1965) Chelating therapy with NaDMS in occupational lead and mercury intoxication. Clin Med J 84: 437–439
Yeager DW, Cholak J, Henderson EW (1971) Determination of lead in biological and related material by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Environ Sci Technol 5: 1020–1022
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dhawan, M., Kachru, D.N. & Tandon, S.K. Influence of thiamine and ascorbic acid supplementation on the antidotal efficacy of thiol chelators in experimental lead intoxication. Arch Toxicol 62, 301–304 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00332491
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00332491