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Solitary rectal ulcer and complete rectal prolapse: one condition or two?

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Abstract

We studied the physiological features of patients with complete rectal prolapse and different degrees of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome to determine whether these conditions are likely to form part of the same disorder. 52 solitary rectal ulcer patients (median age 31, 40 females), and 15 complete rectal prolapse patients (median age 31, 12 females) were studied. Solitary rectal ulcer patients were divided into 3 groups, based on the extent of accompanying rectal prolapse (no prolapse, internal prolapse, or external prolapse). Both solitary rectal ulcer patients without prolapse and with internal prolapse had significantly higher maximum anal resting (p<0.01 for both groups) and squeeze pressure (p<0.05 for both groups) than complete rectal prolapse patients. In contrast, solitary rectal ulcer patients having external prolapse were similar to those with complete rectal prolapse. Solitary rectal ulcer patients without rectal prolapse had significantly decreased anal and rectal electrosensitivity (p<0.01 for both) when compared to healthy control subjects. Solitary rectal ulcer patients therefore have a spectrum of clinical and physiological features — this condition may comprise a range of different disease entities. The findings also suggest a different underlying aetiopathophysiology of solitary rectal ulcer from that of complete rectal prolapse.

Résumé

Nous avons étudié les données physiologiques de patients présentant un prolapsus rectal complet et différents degrés du syndrome d'un ulcère solitaire du rectum afin de déterminer si ces conditions constituent des composantes d'un même trouble. Cinquante-deux patients porteurs d'un ulcère solitaire du rectum (médiane 31 ans, 40 femmes) et 15 prolapsus complets du rectum (âge médian 31; 12 femmes) ont été étudiés. Les ulcères solitaires du rectum ont été répartis en 3 groupes selon l'extension du prolapsus rectal (pas de prolapsus, prolapsus interne, prolapsus extériorié). Les patients porteurs d'un ulcère solitaire du rectum sans prolapsus et ceux porteurs d'un prolapsus interne ont une pression anale de repos maximale élevée de manière significative (P<0.001 dans les deux groupes) et une pression de rétention (P<0.005) dans les deux groupes ainsi qu'un canal anal plus long (P<0.005 dans les deux groupes comparativement aux patients porteurs d'un prolapsus rectal complet). A l'inverse, les patients porteurs d'un ulcère solitaire du rectum accompagné d'un prolapsus externe présentaient des valeurs similaires à celles observées en cas de prolapsus rectal complet. Les patients porteurs d'un ulcère solitaire du rectum sans prolapsus ont une diminution significative de l'électrosensitivité anale et rectale (P<0.001 dans les deux groupes) en comparaison à des sujets sains. Les patients porteurs d'un ulcère solitaire du rectum ont donc un large spectre d'anomalies cliniques et physiologiques pouvant comprendre un nombre très varié d'entités pathologiques différentes. Ces constatations suggèrent une étiopathophysiologie différente en cas d'ulcère solitaire du rectum qu'en cas de prolapsus rectal complet.

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Kang, Y.S., Kamm, M.A. & Nicholls, R.J. Solitary rectal ulcer and complete rectal prolapse: one condition or two?. Int J Colorect Dis 10, 87–90 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00341203

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