Summary
An electrophoretic karyotype of Trichoderma longibrachiatum (reesei) was obtained using contourclamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) gel electrophoresis. Seven chromosomal DNA bands were separated in the wild-type T. longibrachiatum strain QM6a. The sizes of the chromosomal DNA bands ranged from 2.8 to 6.9 Mb, giving an estimated total genome size of about 33 Mb. The electrophoretic karyotype of the strain QM6a was compared to three hyper-cellulolytic mutant strains, QM9414, RutC30 and VTT-D-79125. The chromosome pattern of the mutant QM9414 was quite similar to that of the wild-type QM6a except that the smallest chromosome differed somewhat in size. The VTT-D-79125 and RutC30 strains, which have undergone several mutagenesis steps, showed striking differences in their karyotype compared to the initial parent. The chromosomal DNA bands were identified using the previously characterized T. longibrachiatum genes (egl1, egl2, cbh1, cbh2, pgk1, rDNA) and random clones isolated from a genomic library. In all strains the cellulase genes cbh1, cbh2 and egl2 were located in the same linkage group (chromosome II in the wild-type), while the main endoglucanase, egl1, hybridized to another chromosomal DNA band (chromosome VI in the wild-type).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bailey MJ, Nevalainen KMH (1981) Enzyme Microb Technol 3:153–157
Birnboim HC, Doly J (1979) Nucleic Acids Res 7:1513–1523
Bissett J (1984) Can J Bot 62:924–931
Brody H, Carbon J (1989) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:6260–6263
Cannon PF (1986) Microbiol Sci 3:285–286
Debets AJM, Holub EF, Swart K, van den Broek HWJ, Bos CJ (1990) Mol Gen Genet 224:264–268
Domsch KH, Gams W, Anderson T-H (1980) Compendium of soil fungi, vol 1. Academic Press, London
Fan J-B, Chikashige Y, Smith CL, Niwa O, Yanagida M, Cantor CR (1989) Nucleic Acids Res 17:2801–2818
Giles NH, Case ME, Baum J, Geever R, Huiet L, Patel V, Tyler B (1985) Microbiol Rev 49:338–358
Gilly JA, Sands JA (1991) Biotechnol Lett 13:477–482
Grant S, Roberts CF, Lamb H, Stout M, Hawkins AR (1988) J Gen Microbiol 134:347–358
Kayser T, Wöstemeyer J (1991) Curr Genet 19:279–284
Manczinger L, Ferenczy L (1985) Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 22:72–76
Mandels M, Reese ET (1957) J Bact 73:269–280
Mandels M, Weber J, Parizek R (1971) Appl Microbiol 21:152–154
Masel A, Braithwaite K, Irwin J, Manners J (1991) Curr Genet 18:81–86
McDonald BA, Martinez JP (1991) Curr Genet 19:265–271
Mills D, McCluskey K (1990) Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 3:351–357
Montenecourt BS, Eveleigh DE (1977) Appl Environ Microbiol 34:777–782
Montenecourt BS, Eveleigh DE (1979) Adv Chem Ser 181:289–301
Osiewacz HD, Clairmont A, Huth M (1990) Curr Genet 18:481–483
Orbach MJ, Vollrath D, Davis RW, Yanofsky C (1988) Mol Cell Biol 8:1469–1473
Penttilä ME, Nevalainen KMH, Raynal A, Knowles JKC (1984) Mol Gen Genet 194:494–499
Penttilä M, Lehtovaara P, Nevalainen KMH, Bhikhabhai R, Knowles J (1986) Gene 45:253–263
Penttilä ME, Andre L, Saloheimo M, Lehtovaara P, Knowles JKC (1987a) Yeast 3:175–185
Penttilä M, Nevalainen KMH, Rättö M, Salminen E, Knowles JKC (1987b) Gene 61:155–164
Penttilä ME, Andre L, Lehtovaara P, Bailey M, Teeri TT, Knowles JKC (1988) Gene 63:103–112
Saloheimo M, Lehtovaara P, Penttilä M, Teeri TT, Ståhlberg J, Johansson G, Pettersson G, Claeyssens M, Tomme P, Knowles JKC (1988) Gene 63:11–21
Simmons EG (1977) Classification of some cellulase producing Trichoderma species. In: Aigelow HE and Simmons EG (eds) Abstracts 2nd Int Mycolog Congr. Tampa, Florida, USA
Smith AW, Collis K, Ramsden M, Fox HM, Peberdy JF (1991) Curr Genet 19:235–237
Taylor JL, Borgman I, Seguin-Swartz G (1991) Curr Genet 19:273–277
Teeri TT, Kumar V, Lehtovaara P, Knowles J (1987a) Anal Biochem 164:60–67
Teeri T, Lehtovaara P, Kauppinen S, Salovuori I, Knowles JKC (1987b) Gene 51:43–52
Toda T, Nakaseko Y, Niwa O, Yanagida M (1984) Curr Genet 8:93–97
Toyama H, Yamaguchi K, Shinmyo A, Okada H (1984) Appl Environ Microbiol 47:363–368
Vanhanen S (1991) PhD thesis, Technical Research Centre of Finland, Publication 75, Espoo, Finland
Vanhanen S, Penttilä M, Lehtovaara P, Knowles J (1989) Curr Genet 15:181–186
Vollrath D, Davis RW (1987) Nucleic Acids Res 15:7865–7876
Walz M, Kück U (1991) Curr Genet 19:73–76
Webster J (1964) Trans Br Mycol Soc 47:75–96
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by A. Hinnen
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mäntylä, A.L., Rossi, K.H., Vanhanen, S.A. et al. Electrophoretic karyotyping of wild-type and mutant Trichoderma longibrachiatum (reesei) strains. Curr Genet 21, 471–477 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00351657
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00351657