Abstract
A few significant physico-chemical aspects of hydroxylapatite, a biological material of extensive contemporary inter-disciplinary research, have been reviewed. Updated information on preparation techniques, characterization, isomorphous substitutions, and solubility equilibria is provided. Recent research trends and aspects which require further clarification have been emphasized.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
C. Huggins, Physiol. Rev. 17 (1937) 119.
S. Eisenberger and A. Lehman, Chem. Rev. 40 (1940) 257.
W. E. Cohn, E. T. Cohn and J. C. Aub, bid. 11 (1942) 415.
W. D. Armstrong, ibid. 11 (1942) 441.
F. C. McLean, Ann. Rev. Physiol. 5 (1943) 79.
I. Fankuchen, Ann. Rev. Biochem. 14 (1945) 207.
J. Sendroy Jr, ibid. 14 (1945) 407.
P. D. F. Murray, Ann. Rev. Physiol. 9 (1947) 103.
D. J. Martin, J. Dent. Res. 27 (1948) 27.
M. J. Dallemagne, Ann. Rev. Physiol. 12 (1950) 101.
Idem, J. Physiol. Paris 43 (1951) 425.
C. Ragan, Ann. Rev. Physiol. 14 (1952) 51.
W. F. Neuman and M. W. Neuman, Chem. Rev. 53 (1953) 1.
Y. Ericsson, Proceedings of the International Conference, Seattle (1962) p. 281. (Chem. Abst. 63 (1965) 15365a).
E. Hayek, Klin. Wochenschr. 45 (1967) 857.
J. Samachson, Nature 221 (1969) 247.
C. L. Wadkins, R. Luben, M. Thomas and R. Humphreys, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 99 (1974) 246.
R. A. Young, J. Dent. Res. 53 (1974) 193.
W. E. Brown, ibid. 53 (1974) 204.
G. Montel, Colloq. Int. C.N.R.S. 230 (1975) 13.
A. S. Posner and A. R. Beebe, ibid. 230 (1975) 275.
W. E. Brown, ibid. 230 (1975) 275.
M. Suzuki, Nippon Kokuka Gakkai Zasshi 24 (2) (1975) 145.
A. S. Posner and A. R. Beebe, Semin. Arthritis Rheum. 4 (1975) 267.
T. Kanazawa, T. Umegake and H. Monma, Seramikkusu 10 (1975) 461.
H. Aoki and K. Kata, ibid. 10 (1975) 466.
R. G. Knubovets and L. D. Kislovskii, Sib. Otd. 50 (1975) 63.
E. D. Eanes, J. Dent. Res. 58 (1979) 829.
D. I. Hay and E. C. Moreno, ibid. 58 (1979) 930.
E. D. Eanes and J. D. Termine, Met. Ions. Biol. 6 (1983) 201.
A. S. Posner, Clin. Orthop. Res. 200 (1985) 87.
W. L. Fisher and J. D. Termine, ibid. 200 (1985) 362.
H. Monma, Shokubai 27 (1985) 237.
M. Miyake, Gypsum Lime 218 (1989) 48.
S. Kawamura, Kagaku Gijutsushi MOL 27 (1) (1989) 87.
J. D. B. Featherstone and D. G. A. Nelson, Scanning Microsc. 3 (1989)815.
M. Okazaki, Seitai Zairyo 8 (1990) 314.
A. S. Posner, in “Phosphorus and its Compounds”, Vol. II, edited by J. R. Van Wazer (Interscience, New York, 1961) pp. 1429–59.
J. W. Mellor, “Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry”, Vol. 3 (Longmans Green, London, 1922) p. 896.
I. Kiyotaka and C. K. Nokoku, Kyushu Daigaku Kyoyobu. 24 (1985) 7 (Chem. Abst. 106 (1987) 70416w).
D. McConnell, Am. Mineral. 23 (1938) 1.
R. Klement and P. Dhin, Z. Anorg. Allgem. Chem. 240 (1938) 31.
G. George, S. K. Gupta, P. V. R. Rao and T. S. B. Narasaraju, J. Mater. Sci. 22 (1987) 2274.
T. S. B. Narasaraju, B. K. Kapoor, K. K. Rao and U. S. Rai, Ind. J. Chem. 17(A) (1979) 292.
K. Sudarsanan, P. E. Mackie and R. A. Young, Res. Bull. 7 (1972) 1331.
S. B. Hendricks, M. E. Jefferson and V. M. Mosley, Z. Kristallogr. 81 (1932) 352.
M. Muller, Helv. Chim. Acta. 30 (1947) 2069.
S. V. C. Rao, J. Hemmerte, J. C. Vogel and R. M. Frank, Inorg. Chem. Acta. 67 (1982) 183.
V. M. Bhatnagar, Experientia 24 (1968) 765.
A. Kutoglu, Neues Jahrb. Mineral Monatsch. 5 (1974) 210.
A. Biji, E. Foresti, F. Marchetti, A. Ripamonti and N. Roveri, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 6 (1984) 1091.
R. A. Robinson, J. Bone Joint Surg. 34 (1952) 389.
H. F. Milhofer, Roatica Chem. Acta 56 (1983) 721.
W. F. Bale and H. C. Hodge, Naturwiss. 24 (1936) 141.
A. Ascenzia, E. Bonucci, P. Generali, A. Ripamonti and N. Roveri, Calcif. Tissue Int. 29 (1979) 101.
A. Knappwost, Naturwiss. 43 (1956) 477.
Idem, Z. Electrochem. 55 (1951) 586.
W. Dosch, Med. Welt. 29(2) (1978) 39.
N. W. Savage, Aust. Dent. J. 28 (1983) 215.
K. Lawton, in “Phosphorus and its Compounds”, Vol. II, edited by J. R. Van Wazer (Interscience, New York, 1961) pp. 1461–1560.
L. V. Berry and B. Mason, “Mineralogy” (Freeman. San Francisco, 1959) pp. 452–7.
M. A. Bredig, H. K. Frank and H. Fuldner, Z. Elektrochem. 39 (1933) 959.
A. Schleede, W. Schmidt and H. Kindt, ibid. 38 (1932) 633.
W. L. Miller and F. B. Kenrick, J. Phys. Chem. 7 (1902) 259.
H. Bassett, J. Chem. Soc. 111 (1917) 620.
R. Klement, Naturwiss. 26 (1938) 145.
F. H. Cameron and A. Seidell, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 27 (1905) 1503.
H. Bassett, Z. Anorg. Allgem. Chem. 59 (1908) 1.
J. R. Van Wazer (ed.) “Phosphorus and its Compounds”, Vol. 1 (Interscience, New York, 1964) pp. 513–17.
H. Bassett, Proc. Chem. Soc. 22 (1907) 315.
A. M. J. H. Seuter, in “Reactivity of Solids”, edited by J. S. Anderson, M. W. Roberts and F. S. Stone (Chapman & Hall, London, 1972) p. 806–12.
E. Hayek, K. Newesely, W. Hassenteufel and B. Krismar, Monatsch. Chem. 91 (1960) 249.
M. V. Chaikina and Yu. P. Nikol'skaya, Izv. Sib. Otd. Akad. Nauk. SSSR. SerKhim Nauk 5 (1973) 43.
L. C. Bell, H. Mika and B. J. Kruger, Archs. Oral Biol. 23 (1978) 329.
N. Pavkovic, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 37 (1975) 2047.
B. N. Bachara, O. R. Trautz and S. L. Simon, Adv. Fluorine Res. Dental Caries Prevention 3 (1964) 101.
H. F. Milhofer, B. Purgaic, L. J. Brecevic and N. Pavkovic, Calcif. Tissue Res. 8 (1971) 142.
F. Gisecke and W. Rathje, Ber. 74B (1941) 349.
J. R. Lorah, H. V. Tartar and L. Wood, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 51 (1929) 1097.
E. Hayek and W. Stadlmann, Angew. Chem. 67 (1955).
L. F. Nims, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56 (1934) 1110.
Idem, ibid. 55 (1933) 1946.
C. E. Van Der Zee and A. S. Quist, J. Phys. Chem. 65 (1961) 118.
D. C. O'Shea, M. L. Bartlett and R. A. Young, Arch. Oral Biol. 19 (1974) 995.
T. S. B. Narasaraju, R. P. Singh and V. L. N. Rao, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 34 (1972) 2072.
E. Hayek, M. H. Profanter, B. Marcis and E. Beetz, Angew. Chem. 70 (1958) 307.
R. L. Collin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 81 (1959) 5275.
A. Bigi, M. Gazzano, A. Ripamonti, E. Foresti and N. Roveri, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 2 (1986) 2241.
W. Rathje, Z. Pflanzenernahr. Deung. Bodenk. 77 (1958) 148.
P. W. Arnold, Trans. Farad. Soc. 46 (1950) 1061.
T. Kani, M. Kani, E. Sakai, K. Shinkai, S. Kono, N. Kubo, K. Nakanishi and T. Yamamura, Koku Eisei Gakkai Zasshi 24 (1974) 171 (Chem. Abst. 81 (1974) 162734 s).
T. S. B. Narasaraju, K. K. Rao. U. S. Rai and B. K. Kapoor, Ind. J. Chem. 15A (1977) 1014.
T. S. B. Narasaraju, S. K. Gupta and P. V. R. Rao, Curr. Sci. 54(2) (1985) 63.
T. S. B. Narasaraju, S. K. Gupta, P. V. R. Rao and B. Dey, Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci 96(1) (1986) 9.
H. Takahasi and N. Konno, Jpn Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 05,17,111 [93,17,11] (1993) p. 5 (Chem. Abst. 118 (1993) 257653 m).
H. Irie, Jpn Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 04,321,508 [92,321508] (1992) 4 (Chem. Abst. 118 (1993) 105849 s).
I. Meyer, S. Wahnon and S. Cohen, Mater. Res. Bull. 14 (1979).
S. K. Gupta, P. V. R. Rao and T. S. B. Narasaraju, Ind. J. Chem. 24A (1985) 691.
Iino-Shinji, A. Nakamura, K. Maruyama and K. Nakamara (Mitsui Toastu Chemicals Inc.) Ger. Offen DE 3,339,232 (1982).
I. Kadoma, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 63225 (1987) 509.
O. Suzuki and M. Yashorio, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho. JP 63(1) (1987) 877.
J. S. Clark, Can. J. Chem. 33 (1955) 1696.
F. Korber and G. Trömel, Z. Electrochem. 38 (1932) 578.
G. Trömel, Z. Physik. Chem. 158A (1932) 422.
T. S. B. Narasaraju, V. L. N. Rao, Misrilal and U. S. Rai, Ind. J. Chem. 13 (1975) 369.
A. Schleede, B. Meppen and B. Jorgensen, Angew. Chem. 52 (1939) 316.
U. S. Rai, K. K. Rao and T. S. B. Narasaraju, Ind. J. Chem. 18A(2) (1979) 168.
T. S. B. Narasaraju, P. Lahiri, P. R. Yadav and U. S. Rai, Curr. Sci. 51 (1982) 772.
W. L. Jolly, “The Synthesis and Characterization of Inorganic Compounds” (Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1970) p. 231.
E. Hayek, J. Hechleitner and W. Bohler, Angew. Chem. 67 (1955) 326.
A. Perloff and A. S. Posner, Science 124 (1956) 583.
R. A. Young and K. Sudarsanan, Acta Crystallogr. 28 (1972) 3668.
J. C. Elliot and R. A. Young, Nature 214 (1967) 904.
H. Aoki, Jpn Kokai Tokkyo Koho 78,111,000 (1978).
M. N. Kazov, R. A. Gracheva and R. A. Kazova, Deposited Doc. 17 (1975) 2770.
M. Yoshimura, K. Ioku, H. Takeuchi and K. Okamoto, Jpn Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jp 04,26 (1992) 508 (Chem. Abst. 116(22) (1992) 217439 y).
M. L. Washburn and M. J. Shear, J. Biol. Chem. 99 (1932) 21.
H. Elfeki and M. Jemal, Analysis 17 (1989) 460.
R. P. Singh, N. S. Chickerur and T. S. B. Narasaraju, Z. Anal. Chem. 237 (1968) 117.
T. S. B. Narasaraju, R. P. Singh and V. L. N. Rao, ibid. 251 (1970) 300.
V. M. Hivo, V. A. Shiryaeva and V. K. Khltueva, Ezheb. Inst. Geokhim. Sib. Otd. Akad. Nauk SSSR.
G. L. Long and C. B. Boss, Anal. Chem. Acta 174 (1985) 191.
G. L. Long, and W. J. Neuman, G. L. Kiunder and J. Mahaney, J. Appl. Spectrosc. 41 (1987) 255.
L. V. Shikheeva and L. F. Chernozhukova, Anal. Chem. 39 (1984) 467.
N. Jshii, J. H. Takiyama, and K. M. Joshi, Daigakukiyou Shokumotsu Len 31 (1983) 13 (Chem. Abst. 101 (1985) 128940).
T. Kubota, T. Weda and T. Okutani, Bunsekikayaku 33 (1984) 633 (Chem. Abst. 102 (1986) 142389g).
S. J. Haswell, P. O'Neill and K. C. C. Bancroft, Talanta 32 (1985) 69.
E. D. Eanes and J. D. Termine, in “Calcium in Biology” edited by Dr Thomas G. Spiro (Wiley, 1983) Ch. 5.
W. F. De Jong, Rec. Trav. Chem. Pays-Bas 45 (1926) 445.
M. Mehmel, Z. Kristallogr. 75 (1930) 323.
ST. Naray-Szabo, ibid. 75 (1930) 387.
A. S. Posner, A. Perloff and A. F. Diorio, Acta Crystallogr. 11 (1958) 308.
M. I. Kay, R. A. Young and A. S. Posner, Nature 204 (1964) 1050.
E. D. Eanes and A. S. Posner, in “Biological Calcification-Cellular and Molecular Aspects”, edited by H. Schrarer (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1970) p. 2.
C. A. Beevers and D. B. McIntyre, Mineralog. Mag. 27 (1946) 254.
J. C. Elliot, P. E. Mackie and R. A. Young, Science 180 (1973) 1055.
Idem, Acta Crystallogr. 28B (1972) 1840.
P. E. Mackie and R. A. Young, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 6 (1973) 26.
J. C. Elliot and R. A. Young, Nature 214 (1967) 904.
J. C. Elliot, G. Bonet and J. C. Trombe, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 13(6) (1980) 618.
T. Sakae, Arch. Oral Biol. 33 (1988) 707.
T. Sakae, J. E. Davies, R. M. Frank and N. Nagai, J. Nihon Univ. Sch. Dent. 31 (1989) 458.
W. Pritzkow, H. Reatsch, W. A. Grosshaus and T. Wroblewski, Cryst. Res. Technol. 23 (1988) 1289.
R. A. Young, W. Van Der Lugt and J. C. Elliot, Nature 223 (1969) 729.
T. S. B. Narasaraju, N. S. Chickerur and R. P. Singh, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 33 (1971) 3194.
D. McConnell, Bull. Soc. Fr. Mineral Cryst. 97 (1974) 237.
R. Klement and F. Zureda, Z. Anorg. Allgem. Chem. 245 (1940) 229.
T. S. B. Narasaraju, Ind. J. Chem. 10 (1972) 309.
T. S. B. Narasaraju and D. Elizabeth Phebe, J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 14 (1995) 229.
S. K. Gupta, P. V. R. Rao, G. George and T. S. B. Narasaraju, J. Mater. Sci. 22 (1987) 1286.
J. D. Termine and D. R. Lundy, Calcif. Tissue Res. 13 (1973) 73.
M. Suzuki, Hirosaki Igaku 24 (1973) 450.
A. Knappwost, Odontologisk Rev. 8 (1957) 30.
C. Y. C. Pak and F. C. Bartter, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 141 (1967) 401.
M. Falkenheim, W. F. Neuman and H. C. Hodge, J. Biol. Chem. 169 (1947) 713.
A. Ehret, PhD thesis, University of Tübingen. West Germany (1962).
R. L. Collin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 82 (1960) 5067.
N. S. Chickerur, R. P. Singh and T. S. B. Narasaraju, Curr. Sci. 37 (1986) 610.
V. O. Khudolozhkin, V. S. Urosov and K. I. Tobelko, Geokhimiya 31 (1973) 366 (Chem. Abst. 79 (1973) 7827 q).
J. C. Trombe and G. Montel, C. R. Acad. Aci. Ser. C. 278 (1974) 777 (Chem. Abst. 81 (1974) 43537v).
B. O. Fowler, Inorg. Chem. 13 (1974) 207.
V. S. Urusov and V. O. Khudolozhkin, Geokhimiya 10 (1974) 1509 (Chem. Abst. 82 (1975) 37574j).
C. A. Baud and H. S. Lee, Biomineral. 6 (1972) 1.
H. M. Roushdy, M. K. Moloukhia and A. T. Abdel Fattah, Isot. Radiat. Res 13 (1981) 19 (Chem. Abst. 96 (1982) 213351j).
R. Dehos, Energy Res. Abst. 8 (1983) 55044.
R. Dehos and H. Schmier, Commun. Eur. Communities Met. Bone EUR 9250 (1985) 87.
R. G. Barbara and P. J. Bently, Exp. Eye Res. 89 (1984) 107.
D. G. Papworth and J. Vennart, Phys. Med. Biol. 29 (1984) 1045.
N. J. Park, Commun. Eur. Communities Met. Bone EUR 9250 (1985) 107.
S. Bang, C. A. Band, H. J. Tochon-Danguy and J. M. Very, ibid. EUR 9250 (1985) 149.
P. J. Marie, M. J. Garba, M. Hott and H. Miravet, ibid. EUR 9250 (1985) 117.
J. Samachson, J. Dennis and R. Fowler, J. Dent. Res. 47 (1968) 121.
J. Samachson and A. Schmitz, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 192 (1969) 238.
W. Boyd, “A Textbook of Pathology” (Lea Febiger, Philadelphia, PA, 1962) p. 428.
R. Klement, Z. Inorg. Allgem. Chem. 237 (1938) 161.
S. V. C. Rao and N. S. Chickerur, J. Inst. Chem. Calcutta 44(6) (1972) 177.
G. I. Spielholtz and F. S. Kaplan, Talanta 27 (1980) 997.
J. Samachson, H. Dennis, R. Fowler and A. Schmitz, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 148 (1967) 767.
J. Samachson and A. Schmitz, ibid. 192 (1969) 231.
Idem, ibid. 170 (1968) 409.
E. D. Eanes and H. K. Gever, J. Dent. Res. 53 (1974) 758.
A. Kanappwost, Angew. Chem. 68 (1956) 371.
Idem Naturwiss. 46 (1959) 55.
Z. Liang and W. I. Higuchi, J. Phys. Chem. 77 (1973) 1704.
R. I. Stearns and A. F. Berndt, J. Dent. Res. 52 (1973) 1253.
W. I. Higuchi, S. C. Valvani and J. J. Hefferren, Arch. Oral Biol. 19 (1974) 737.
L. S. Ronald, S. Marcia and B. Finn, J. Dent. Res. 42 (1963) 811.
F. C. M. Driessens, Nature 243 (1973) 420.
F. F. Feagin and B. D. Jeansonne, Alam. J. Med. Sci. 10 (1973) 107 (Chem. Abst. 79 (1973) 61455c).
F. C. M. Driessens, Caries Res. 7 (1973) 297.
P. J. Armstrong Jr and F. F. Feagin, J. Dent. Res. 52 (1973) 1346.
D. S. Magrill, Caries Res. 9 (1975) 45.
T. S. B. Narasaraju, R. P. Singh and V. L. N. Rao, Ind. J. Chem. 8 (1970) 296.
W. Van Der Lugt, D. I. M. Knottnerus and W. G. Perdock, Acta Crystallogr. 27B (1971) 1509.
A. G. Lundin and V. I. Trofimov, Colloq. Ampere 1 (1973) 181.
R. G. Knubovets and S. P. Gabudo, Tr. Inst. Geol. Geufiz, Akad. Nauk SSSR. Sib. Otd. 50 (1975) 100 (Chem. Abst. 83 (1975) 88145y).
F. Mielnik and Krystyna, Czas. Stomatol. 32 (1979) 137.
T. Aoba, Y. Moriwaki, Y. Doi, M. Okasaki and J. Takahashi, J. Osaka Univ. Dent. Sch. 19 (1979) 41 (Chem. Abst. 92 (1980) 182929n).
F. Freund and R. M. Knobel, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 11 (1977) 1136.
C. P. Stewart and A. Stolman, “Toxicology-Mechanism and Analytical methods” (Academic Press, New York, 1960) p. 202.
W. B. Diechmann and H. W. Gerade, “Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals” (Academic Press, New York, 1969) p. 113.
K. S. Quibb and B. O. Fowler, “The Toxicity of Arsenic and its compounds” (Elsevier Science, 1983) p. 241.
M. Massuyas, J. C. Trombe, G. Bonel and G. Montel, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn 7 (1969) 2308.
N. S. Chickerur and P. P. Mahapatra, J. Inst. Chem. Calcutta 47(1) (1975) 38.
S. V. C. Rao, ibid. 46(3) (1974) 55.
A. Lidgren, M. Vahter and L. Dencker, Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 51 (1982) 253.
A. Lindgren, R. G. B. Danielsson, L. Dencker and M. Vahter, ibid. 54 (1984) 311.
R. Klement, Klin. Wochschr. 16 (1937) 591.
W. F. Neuman, T. Y. Toribara and B. J. Mulryan, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 78 (1956) 40.
L. A. Romo, ibid. 76 (1954) 3924.
G. Bonel and G. Montel, Compt. Rend. 258 (1964) 923.
M. Nadal, J. C. Trombe, G. Boneland G. Montel, J. Schimi Phys. 6 (1970) 1161.
G. Baud, J. P. Besse, G. Sucur and R. Chevolier, Mater. Res. Bull. 14 (1979) 675.
J. P. Besse, G. Baud, G. Levassieur and R. Chevolier, Acta Crystallogr. 35B (1979) 1756.
A. S. Francois, G. Sovelsberg and H. Schaefer, Z. Naturforsch. 34 (1979) 764.
O. R. Trautz, Ann. NY. Acad. Sci. 85 (1960) 145.
A. Taitai, J. L. Lacout and G. Bonel, Ann. Chim. 10 (1985) 29.
E. Klein, J. P. Le Geros, O. R. Trautz and R. J. Le Geros, Develop. Appl. Spectrosc. 78 (1968) 3.
W. H. Emerson, E. E. Fischer, Arch. Oral. Biol 7 (1962) 671.
Oral Biol. 8 (1963) 251.
R. J. LeGeros, O. R. Trautz, J. P. LeGeros and E. Klein, Science 155 (1967) 1409.
G. Bonel and G. Montel, C.R. Acad. Sci Ser. C. Paris 263 (1966) 1010.
J. C. Labarthe, M. Therasse, G. Bonel and G. Montel, ibid. 276 (1973) 1175.
J. C. Labarthe, G. Bonel and G. Montel, Ann. Chim. 8 (1973) 289.
E. J. Callews, R. M. H. Verbeeck, D. E. Naessens, P. F. A. Mattheys and E. R. Boesman, Calcif. Tissue Int. 52 (1993) 389.
K. Beshah, C. Rey, M. J. Glimcher, M. Schimizu and R. G. Griffin, J. Solid State Chem. 84 (1990) 71.
C. Rey, V. Venugopalakrishnan, M. Schimizu, B. Collin and M. J. Glimcher, Calcif. Tissue Int. 49 (1991) 259.
M. Elfeki, C. Rey and M. Vignotes, ibid. 49 (1991) 269.
Sh. Yu. Azimov, N. F. Fedorov, I. F. Andreev and A. M. Shevyakov, Uzb. Khim. Zh. 18 (1974) 42 (Chem. Abst. 81 (1974) 7890).
Sh. Yu. Azimov, Tr. Tashk. Politekh. Inst. 107 (1973) 40.
J. Gaude, J. Guyader and J. Lang, C. R. Hebd Seances Acad. Sci. Ser. 280 (1975) 883.
I. Meyer, E. Fischbein and S. Cohen, J. Solid State Chem. 14 (1975) 307.
L. G. Gillinskaya and M. Ya. Scherbakova, Magn. Res. Relat. Phenomena Proc. Longr. AMPERF. 16 (1971) 755.
Yu. N. Dubrov, V. O. Khudolozhkin, I. N. Marov and V. S. Urusov, Geokhimiya 4 (1974) 641 (Chem. Abst. 81 (1974) 124152t).
A. P. Vinnikov and B. M. Gugel, Sb. Nauch. Tr. Vees. Nauch. Isleed. Inst. Hyuminoferov. Osobo Chist. Veschestv. 6 (1971) 23 (Chem. Abst. 78 (1973) 90513g).
G. J. Levinskas and W. F. Neuman, J. Phys. Chem. 59 (1955) 164.
H. M. Rootare, V. R. Deitz and F. G. Carpenter, J. Coll. Sci. 17 (1962) 179.
V. K. La Mer, J. Phys. Chem. 66 (1962) 973.
M. D. Francis, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 131 (1965) 694.
F. Brudevold, G. Paul and M. C. Harold, Adv. Fluorine Res. Dental Caries Prevent. 3 (1965) 63.
H. Fleisch, R. G. G. Russel, F. Straumann and J. Maerki, Helv. Physiol. Pharmacol. Acta 23(4) (1965) 86.
N. S. Chickerur, R. P. Singh and T. S. B. Narasaraju, Naturwiss. 56 (1969) 282.
R. M. Blitz, E. D. Pellegrino, S. T. Miller and A. Moffit, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 71 (1970) 219 (Chem. Abst. 76 (1972) 58090b).
B. H. G. Brady, D. H. Napper and B. M. Ulrich, Z. Pflanzenernahr. Dueng. Bodenk. 112 (1966) 101.
No details available.
H. W. Fassbender and B. Ulrich, ibid. 112 (1966) 212.
S. O. Zimmerman, Bull. Math. Biophys. 28 (1966) 433.
E. C. Moreno, T. M. Gregory and W. E. Brown, J. Den. Nat. Bur. Stand. 72A (6) (1968) 773.
S. Chander and D. W. Fuerstenan, J. Coll. Interface Sci. 70 (1979) 506.
D. R. Wier, S. H. Chien and C. A. Black, Soil Sci. 111 (1971) 107.
T. S. B. Narasaraju, K. K. Rao and U. S. Rai, Can. J. Chem. 57 (1979) 1919.
V. M. Valyashko, L. N. Kogarko and I. L. Khodakovskii, Geokhimya 1 (1968) 26 (Chem. Abst. 68 (1968) 80380y).
H. C. Bendict and F. F. Kanthak, J. Dent. Res. 12 (1932) 277.
Y. Ericsson, Acta Odontol. Scand. 8 Suppl 3 (1949).
Idem, “Salivary glands — Their Secretions”, Proceedings of the International Conference, Seattle, 1962 p. 281.
C. W. Davies and B. F. Hoyle, J. Chem. Soc. 4 (1953) 4134.
I. K. Paunio and K. K. Makinen, J. Dent. Res. 50 (1971) 862.
J. C. Vogel, P. Garnier, F. Garnier and R. Frank, J. Chem. Res. 384(5) (1978) 10.
W. L. Jongebloed, P. J. Van Der Bery and J. Arends, Calcif. Tissue Res. 15 (1974) 1.
G. Daculsi, B. Kerbel and L. M. Kerbel, Caries Res. 13 (1979) 277.
A. N. Smith, A. M. Posner and J. P. Quirk, J. Coll. Interface Sci. 48 (1974) 442.
T. S. B. Narasaraju and V. L. N. Rao, Z. Phys. Chemie (Leipzig) 255 (1974) 655.
J. G. Rabatin, G. R. Gillooly and J. W. Hunter, J. Electrochem. Soc. 114 (1967) 956.
J. Samachson, Nature 218 (1968) 1261.
Idem, ibid. 221 (1969) 1247.
H. A. Saroff and M. S. Lewis, J. Phys. Chem. 67 (1963) 1211.
R. S. Bowman and L. H. Piasecky, US Pat. 3149 (1964) 082.
J. A. S. Bett, L. F. Christner and W. Keith Hall, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 89 (1965) 5535.
S. J. Joris and C. H. Amberg, J. Phys. Chem. 75 (1971) 3167.
J. A. S. Bett, L. G. Christner and W. Keith Hall, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 89 (1967) 5335.
A. J. C. Wilson, K. Sudarsanan and R. A. Young, Acta Crystallogr. 33B (1977) 3142.
F. K. Cameron and J. M. Bell, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 27 (1905) 1512.
H. Hodge, M. LeJeune and W. Bale, Ind. Eng. Chem. 10 (1938) 156.
G. Tromel and H. Moller, Z. Anorg. Allgem. Chem. 206 (1932) 227.
A. S. Posner and S. R. Stephenson, J. Dent. Res. 31 (1952) 371.
A. S. Posner and A. Perloff, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. 58 (1957) 279.
L. Winand and D. G. Duyckaerts, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belges 71 (1962) 142.
L. Winand, Ann. Chim. 6 (1961) 62.
R. A. Young and S. S. Spooner, Arch. Oral Biol. 15 (1969) 47.
K. Ishikawa, P. Ducheyne and S. Radin, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 4 (1993) 165.
J. S. Prener, J. Solid State Chem. 3 (1971) 49.
W. E. Brown, J. P. Smith, J. R. Lehr and A. W. Frazer, Nature 196 (1962) 1048.
E. E. Berry, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 29 (1967) 317.
T. P. Feenstra and P. L. De Bruyn, J. Phys. Chem. 83 (1979) 475.
C. I. Simionescu, S. Dumitriu, V. Bulacovschi and I. Popav, Cell. Chem. Technol. 12 (1978) 585.
H. G. Jenkins, A. H. McKeag and P. W. Ranby, J. Elect. Chem. Soc. 96 (1949) 1.
J. A. Pauson and J. R. Roswell, Ger. Offen. 2,142,898 (1972) (Chem. Abst. 77 (1972) 27315h).
W. C. Perry, E. F. Puttock and R. S. Schreiver, ibid. 2,136,047 (1973) (Chem. Abst. 78 (1973) 11866b).
J. A. Pauson and D. M. Bonic, ibid. 2,506,483 (1975) (Chem. Abst. 83 (1975) 155600h).
A. Sliwa, Pr. Nauk. Akad. Ekon im Oskar a Langego wroclawin 132 (1978) (Chem. Abst. 90 (1979) 94652).
R. Leckebusch, Neues Jaharb. Mineral Monatsch. 1 (1971) 1721.
S. I. Volfkovich, R. E. Remu, B. P. Sobolev and N. B. Timoshuk, Khim. Prom. St. (Moscow) 12 (1978) 906 (Chem. Abst. 90 (1979) 71101c).
P. P. Ithamor Baron, J. Agri. Food. Chem. 27 (1979) 147.
G. Nichols Jr and B. Flanegan, Fed. Proc. 25 (1966) 922.
N. G. Perdok,“Advances in Fluorine Research and Dental Caries Prevention”, Vol. 1 (Pergamon. Oxford) p. 85.
D. E. Gardner, F. A. Smith, H. C. Hodge, H. C. Brudevold and D. M. Eldridge, J. Appl. Physiol. 14 (1959) 427.
E. J. Largent, “Fluorosis: The Health Aspects of Fluorine Compounds” (Ohio State University Press. Columbus, OH, 1966) p. 22.
A. H. Siddiqoi, Brit. Med. J. 2 (1955) 1408.
Idem, J. Endocrinology 20 (1961) 101.
J. R. Mellberg, J. Dent. Res. 46 (1966) 303.
G. N. Jenkins, J. Biochem. 108(5) (1968) 40.
K. Simon, C. M. Joseph and W. B. Carl, J. Dent. Res. 50 (1971) 816.
H. Aoki, Jpn Kokai Tokkyo Koho 118 (1978) 411 (Chem. Abst. 90 (1979) 59965c).
M. Jarcho, Ger. Offen. 2,534,504 (1974) 44 (Chem. Abst. 84 (1976) 1849372z).
H. Kadoma, Jpn Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 63,176,347 (1987) 3 (Chem. Abst. 109 (1988) 213190t).
T. Nonani and N. Yasui, Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 353,476 (1988) 22. (Chem. Abst. 114 (1991) 30177c).
A. K. Hamamoto and Akiichi, Jpn Kokai Tokkyo Koho (1978) 46004 (Chem. Abst. 92 (1980) 169268d).
W. Bonfield, J. C. Behiri, C. Doyle and J. Bowman, J. Abram. Adv. Biomater. 5 (1984) 421 (Chem. Abst. 101 (1985) 198137v).
W. Vogel and W. Holand, Angew. Chem. 26 (1987) 527.
P. M. Marquis and H. J. Wilson, Chem. Ind. 19 (1986) 657.
T. Kokubu, T. Yamamuro, K. Ohura, and Y. Ebisawa, Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 361,797 (1990) 12 (Chem. Abst. 114 (1991) 129196v).
S. Masuda, Jpn Kokai Tokkyo Koho, JP. 01,285,261 (1989) 5 (Chem. Abst. 113 (1990) 65318f).
M. Toki, ibid. JP 01,275,766 (1989) 2.
S. Kojima and S. Komatsu, ibid. JP 01,291,859 (1989) 2 (Chem. Abst. 113 (1990) 65323d).
N. Yamazaki and T. Satake, ibid. JP 02,164,370 (1990) 4 (Chem. Abst. 114 (1991) 30194f).
J. Armbuster and W. Dosch, Urol. Nephrol. (Patholog. Klin. Harn Stein) 1977 (Chem. Abst. 90 (1979) 69619j).
H. P. Bastian and M. Gebhardt, Jenear Harnstein Symp. 5 (1977) 11.
P. C. Gonzalez-Diaz, J. V. Gracia-Damos and M. Santos, Calcif. Tissue Int. 28 (1979) 215.
J. Joost, F. Purtscheller and K. Baudtlow, Jeaner Harnstein Symp. 5 (1977) 121.
R. F. Akhuhdov, G. A. Alizad, T. M. Akhmedov and M. A. Vizel, Azab. Med. Zh. 56 (1979) 53 (Chem. Abst. 92 (1980) 115669s).
J. M. Michael and S. Juergen, Anal. Biochem. 141 (1984) 466.
H. Wachi, K. Ishigaki, Iino Shinji, Jpn Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 04,198 (1992) 860 (Chem. Abst. 117 (1992) 208455u).
T. Kawai, ibid. JP 02,147 (1990) 857 (Chem. Abst. 114 (1990) 20618h).
T. Suzuki, Nippon Kaisui Gakkaishi. 43 (1990) 159 (Chem. Abst. 115 (1991) 88075j).
Y. Takeda, Jpn Kokai Tokkyo Koho, JP 02,237 (1990) 639 (Chem. Abst. 114 (1991) 87866f).
P. F. Green, I. R. Duddy, G. M. Laslett, K. A. Hegarty, A. J. W. Gleadow and J. F. Lovering, Chem. Geol. 79(2) (1989) 155. (Chem. Abst. 111 (1989) 157741a).
E. H. Jafri, A. A. Quereshi, M. A. Sial and H. A. Khan, Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids 115 (1990) 227 (Chem. Abst. 114 (1991) 189397w).
A. Carter, Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas. 17 (1990) 309.
P. F. Green, I. R. Duddy and G. M. Laslett, Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 87 (1988) 216 (Chem. Abst. 108 (1988) 116251k).
K. Hayashi, Seitai Zairyo 11(3)(1993) 180 (Chem. Abst. 119 (1993) 278404s).
M. Tanakashi and T. Kokubo, Kagaku Kogyo 44 (1993) 703 (Chem. Abst. 119 (1993) 278405t).
T. M. Michael, Hydroxylapatite Coat. Orthop. Surg. (1993) 1 (Chem. Abst. 119 (1993) 278426a).
T. Tagaki, S. Sasaki, H. Aoki and M. Kikuchi, Shika Kiso Igakkai Zasshi 35 (1993) 338 (Chem. Abst. 119 (1993) 246382s).
S. Maruno, S. Ban, H. Iwata, H. Ito and T. Ishikawa, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho, JP 04,276,256 (1992) 5 (Chem. Abst. 118 (1993) 11809b).
T. Ishii, ibid. JP 04,230,612 (1992) 3 (Chem. Abst. 118 (1993) 132225s).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Narasaraju, T.S.B., Phebe, D.E. Some physico-chemical aspects of hydroxylapatite. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 31, 1–21 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00355120
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00355120