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Studies on compression wood—part VII: Distribution of lignin in normal and compression wood of tamarack [Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch]

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Summary

The distribution of lignin has been studied in tracheids and ray cells of normal and compression wood of tamarack [Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch]. The three layers in the secondary wall of normal wood tracheids are lignified to approximately the same extent, and previous evidence that the S 3 layer should contain a higher proportion of lignin than the other regions has not been confirmed. The lignin follows closely the orientation of the cellulose microfibrils in all three layers. Compared to the tracheids, the ray cells contain a denser network of lignin in their secondary wall.

Only a small proportion of the total lignin in compression wood tracheids is present in the compound middle lamella. The thick S 1 layer is only slightly lignified; the orientation of the lignin in this region is that of the transversely oriented, lamellated microfibrils. The outer portion of S 2 consists largely of lignin but also contains lamellae of cellulose microfibrils which probably have the same helical orientation as the microfibrils in the inner part of S 2. The latter region, which contains the helical cavities, consists of lamellae of cellulose microfibrils which are uniformly encrusted with lignin. The ray cells in compression wood appear to be lignified to the same extent as in normal wood. Transverse sections of the cells reveal a lateral orientation of the lignin. The orientation of the cellulose microfibrils in the S 2 layer of the first-formed springwood tracheids of compression wood is the same as in the cells which are formed later. It is suggested that for ease of reference, the outer, lignin-rich layer in compression wood tracheids be referred to as the S 2(L) layer.

Zusammenfassung

Im Druckholz und im normalen Holz von Tamarack (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) wurde die Verteilung des Lignins in Tracheiden und Markstrahlzellen untersucht. Die drei Schichten der Sekundärwand in den Tracheiden normalen Holzes werden in nahezu demselben Umfange lignifiziert. Frühere Feststellungen, daß die S 3-Schicht einen höheren Ligningehalt erreicht als andere Zellwandbereiche, konnten also nicht bestätigt werden. Das Lignin folgt sehr genau der Orientierung der Cellulose-Mikrofibrillen aller drei Schichten. Im Vergleich zu den Tracheiden erfahren die Sekundärwände der Markstrahlzellen eine stärkere Ligninauskleidung.

Nur ein geringer Prozentsatz des gesamten Lignins der Druckholztracheiden befindet sich in der Mittellamelle. Die dicke S 1-Schicht ist nur wenig lignifiziert. Die Orientierung des Lignins in diesem Bereich entspricht den transversal orientierten, lamellierten Mikrofibrillen. Der äußere Teil der S 2-Schicht enthält sehr viel Lignin, daneben aber auch Lamellen von Cellulose-Mikrofibrillen, die wahrscheinlich dieselbe spiralige Orientierung besitzen wie die Mikrofibrillen des inneren Teiles der S 2-Schicht. Der letzterwähnte Bereich, der spiralige Kavitäten enthält, weist Lamellen von Cellulose-Mikrofibrillen auf, in welche gleichmäßig Lignin eingelagert ist. Die Markstrahlzellen des Druckholzes erscheinen ebenso stark lignifiziert wie die Markstrahlzellen des Normalholzes. Querschnitte durch diese Zellen lassen die laterale Orientierung des Lignins erkennen. Die Orientierung der Cellulose-Mikrofibrillen in der S 2-Schicht der zuerst gebildeten Frühholztracheiden des Druckholzes ist dieselbe wie in jenen Zellen, die später ausgeformt werden. Es wird vorgeschlagen, daß zur eindeutigeren Kennzeichnung die äußere ligninreiche Schicht der Druckholztracheiden als S 2(L)-Schicht bezeichnet wird.

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The authors wish to express their gratitude to Messrs. A. K. Bentum, D. C. Jones, and B. W. Simson for technical assistance. They are also thankful to Dr. D. A. I. Goring, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, for valuable discussions and for making available to them important, unpublished information. This investigation was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, through Forest Service Research Grant No. 1, which is hereby gratefully acknowledged.

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Côté, W.A., Day, A.C. & Timell, T.E. Studies on compression wood—part VII: Distribution of lignin in normal and compression wood of tamarack [Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch]. Wood Science and Technology 2, 13–37 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00366409

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