Abstract
The pressure of the reaction albite=jadeite and quartz was measured at 600° C by workers in six geophysical laboratories for the purpose of comparing pressure calibration procedures for the solid-pressure piston-cylinder apparatus. All groups used the same starting mix of crystalline reactant and products and all obtained hydrothermal reversals of the equilibrium. Solid pressure media used included talc, NaCl, boron nitride, pyrophyllite, pyrex glass and crushable ceramic. Various means of calibration were used, including internal standardization by transitions in indicator substances and the piston-in, piston-out bracketing method.
There was agreement among all groups—the average preferred value of 16.3 kilobars at 600° C is enclosed by all of the error brackets assigned by the various investigators. This average preferred value is lower by nearly two kilobars than the often-quoted extrapolation of Birch and LeComte's data (1960). It will be important for both petrology and high-pressure technology to test this result in a very high gas pressure apparatus.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adams, L. H.: A note on the stability of jadeite. Am. J. Sci. 251, 299–308 (1953).
Bell, P. M., Mao, H. K.: Subsolidus reactions of jadeite (NaAlSi2O6) and albite (NaAlSi3O8). Ann. Rept. of the Director of the Geophys. Lab., Carnegie Inst. of Wash. Yearqook 69, 168–170 (1971).
—, Rooseboom, E. H.: Phase diagram for the system nepheline-quartz. Ann. Rept. of the Director of the Geophys. Lab., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Yearbook 64, 139–141 (1965).
Birch, F., LeComte, P.: Temperature-pressure plane for albite composition. Am. J. of Sci. 258, 209–215 (1960).
Bobrowsky, A.: Pressure alterations through use of solid containers or jackets in high pressure environments. In: High pressure measurement, A. A. Giardini and E. C. Lloyd, eds., p. 172–185. Washington, D. C.: Butterworth 1963.
Boettcher, A. L., Wyllie, P. J.: Melting of granite with excess water to 30 kilobars pressure. J. Geol. 76, 235–244 (1968a).
—: The quartz-coesite transition measured in the presence of a silicate liquid and pistoncylinder calibration. Contr. Mineral. and Petrol. 17, 224–232 (1968b).
—: Jadeite stability measured in the presence of silicate liquids in the system NaAlSiO4-SiO2-H2O. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 32, 999–1012 (1968c).
Boyd, F. R., Bell, P. M., England, J. L., Gilbert, M. C.: Pressure measurement in single-stage apparatus. Ann. Rept. of the Director of the Geophys. Lab., Carnegie Inst. of Wash. Yearbook 65, 410–414 (1967).
—, England, J. L.: Pyrope. Ann. Rept. of the Director of the Geophys. Lab., Carnegie Inst. of Wash. Yearbook 58, 83–87 (1959).
—: Apparatus for phase equilibrium measurements at pressures up to 50 kilobars and temperatures up to 1750° C. J. Geophys. Res. 65, 741–748 (1960).
—: Effect of pressure of the melting points of diopside, CaMgSi2O6, and albite, NaAlSi3O8 in the range up to 50 kilobars. J. Geophys. Res. 68, 311–323 (1963).
Bridgman, P. T.: Polymorphism, principally of the elements up to 50,000 kg/cm2. Phys. Rev. 48, 893–906 (1935).
—: Polymorphic transitions of 35 substances to 50,000 kg/cm2. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci. 72, 45–136 (1937).
Bridgman, P. W.: Rough compressibilities of fourteen substances to 45,000 kg/cm2. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci. 72, 207–225 (1938).
—: The measurement of hydrostatic pressure to 30,000 kg/cm2. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci. 74, 1–10 (1940a).
—: The compression of 46 substances to 50,000 kg/cm2. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci. 74, 21–51 (1940b).
Clark, S. P.: Effect of pressure on the melting points of eight alkali halides. J. Chem. Phys. 31, 1526–1531 (1959).
Coes, L. Jr.: A new dense crystalline silica. Science 118, 131–132 (1953).
Corll, J. A.: Experimental verification of pressure enhancement by encapsulation. J. Appl. Phys. 38, 2707–2709 (1967).
Green, D. H., Ringwood, A. E.: An experimental investigation of the gabbro to eclogite transformation and its petrological applications. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 31, 767–833 (1967).
Green, T. H., Ringwood, A. E., Major, A.: Friction effects and pressure calibration in a piston-cylinder apparatus at high pressure and temperature. J. Geophys. Res. 71, 3589–3994 (1966).
Haygarth, J. C., Getting, I. C., Kennedy, G. C.: Determination of the pressure of the barium 1–11 transition with a single-stage piston-cylinder apparatus. J. Appl. Phys. 38, 4557–4564 (1967).
Hill, R. E. T., Boettcher, A. L.: Water in the earth's mantle: melting curves of basalt-water and basalt-water-carbon dioxide. Science 167, 980–982 (1970).
Hlabse, T., Kleppa, O. J.: The thermochemistry of jadeite. Am. Mineralogist 53, 1281–1292 (1968).
Jamieson, J. C., Olinger, B.: (in press.) Pressure inhomogeneity—a possible source of error in using internal standards for pressure gauges, in Proceedings of a Symposium on Accurate Characterization of the High Pressure Environment, National Bureau of Standards. Gaithersburg, Maryland.
Johannes, W., Puhan, D.: The calcite-aragonite transition, reinvestigated. Contr. Mineral. and Petrol. 31, 28–38 (1971).
Kelley, K. K., Todd, S. S., Orr, R. L., King, E. G., Bonnicksen, K. R.: Thermodynamic properties of sodium-aluminum and potassium-aluminum silicates. U. S. Bur. Mines Rept. of Invest. 4955 (1953).
Kracek, F. C., Neuvonen, K. J., Burley, G.: Thermochemistry of mineral substances I: A thermodynamic study of jadeite. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 41, 373–383 (1953).
Kushiro, I., Yoder, H. S.: Anorthite-forsterite and anorthite-enstatite reactions and their bearing on the basalt-eclogite transformation. J. Petrol. 7, 337–362 (1966).
Luedemann, H. D., Kennedy, G. C.: Melting curves of lithium, sodium, potassium and rubidium to 80 kilobars. J. Geophys. Res. 73, 2795–2805 (1968).
Newton, M. S., Kennedy, G. C.: Jadeite, analcite, nepheline and albite at high temperatures and pressures. Am. J. Sci. 266, 728–735 (1968).
Newton, R. C.: The thermal stability of zoisite. J. Geol. 73, 431–441 (1965).
—: Some calc-silicate equilibrium relations. Am. J. Sci. 264, 204–222 (1966).
—, Kennedy, G. C.: Some equilibrium relations in the join CaAl2Si2O8-H2O. J. Geophys. Res. 68, 2967–2983 (1963).
—, Smith, J. V.: Investigations concering the breakdown of albite at depth in the earth. J. of Geol. 75, 268–286 (1967).
Parsons, C. A.: Experiments on carbon at high temperatures and under great pressures, and in contact with other substances. Proc. Royal Soc. 44, 320–323 (1888).
Richardson, S. W., Bell, P. M., Gilbert, C. M.: Kyanite-sillimanite equilibrium between 700° and 1500° C. Am. J. Sci. 266, 513–541 (1968).
Yoder, H. S., Tilley, C. E.: Origin of basalt magmas: An experimental study of natural and synthetic rock systems. J. Petrol. 3, 342–532 (1962).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Johannes, W., Bell, P.M., Mao, H.K. et al. An interlaboratory comparison of piston-cylinder pressure calibration using the albite-breakdown reaction. Contr. Mineral. and Petrol. 32, 24–38 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00372231
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00372231