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We have observed the transition from single-pass amplification of the fundamental mode to oscillation in the higher-order modes in tilted semiconductor-based amplifiers using numerical experiments based on a novel finite-difference time-domain treatment of the optical field that includes gain. These results correlate well with laboratory observations of gain-induced oscillation in such amplifiers.
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Hawkins, R.J., Kallman, J.S. Lasing in tilted-waveguide semiconductor laser amplifiers. Opt Quant Electron 26, S207–S217 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00384674
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00384674