Summary
Sieve tubes were frozen before being cut from plants and were prepared for electron microscopy by freeze-etching. Structures that may be interpreted as filaments appeared in and near pores through sieve plates. Their presence suggests that filaments seen in sieve-pores prepared chemically may be there normally. Filaments appeared more numerous and compacted in sieve pores between sieve elements that had been pre-treated with glycerol than in those that had merely been frozen. A sieve element treated with glycerol appeared plasmolysed. No evidence was found for membrane-bound transcellular strands through pores in sieve plates even though membrane-bound transvacuolar strands of cytoplasm appeared clearly in nearby parenchyma cells.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Behnke, H.-D., and I. Dörr: Zur Herkunft und Struktur der Plasmafilamente in Assimilatleitbahnen. Planta (Berl.) 74, 18–44 (1967).
Bouck, G. B., and J. Cronshaw: The fine structure of differentiating sieve tube elements. J. Cell Biol. 25, 79–96 (1965).
Branton, D.: Fracture faces of frozen membranes. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 55, 1048–1056 (1966).
Crafts, A. S., and H. B. Currier: On sieve tube function. Protoplasma (Wien) 62, 188–202 (1962).
Cronshaw, J., and K. Esau: Tubular and fibrillar components of mature and differentiating sieve elements. J. Cell Biol. 34, 801–815 (1967).
Eschrich, W.: Beziehungen zwischen dem Auftreten von Callose und der Feinstruktur des primären Phloems bei Cucurbita ficifolia. Planta (Berl.) 59, 243–261 (1963).
Eschrich, W.: Physiologie der Siebröhrencallose. Planta (Berl.) 65, 280–300 (1965).
Evert, R. F., and W. F. Derr: Slime substance and strands in sieve elements. Amer. J. Bot. 51, 875–880 (1964).
—, and L. Murmanis: Ultrastructure of the secondary phloem of Tilia americana. Amer. J. Bot. 52, 95–106 (1965).
Jarosch, R.: On the behaviour of rotating helices. In: Intracellular transport (ed. K. B. Warren), p. 275–300. New York and London: Academic Press 1966.
Kamiya, N.: Motilität des Plasmas der lebenden Zelle. Naturwiss. Rdsch. 19, 270–282 (1966).
Kollmann, R.: On the fine structure of the sieve element protoplast. Phytomorphology 14, 247–264 (1964).
Laflèche, D.: Ultrastructure et cytochimie des inclusions flagellées des cellules criblées de Phaseolus vulgaris. J. Microscopie 5, 493–520 (1966).
Luft, J. H.: Improvements in epoxy resin embedding methods. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 9, 409–414 (1961).
Mehta, A. S.: A study of the primary phloem of the petiole of Nymphoides peltatum (Gmel.) O. Kunze. J Indian bot. Soc. 43, 257–261 (1964).
—, and D. C. Spanner: The fine structure of the sieve tubes of the petiole of Nymphoides peltatum (Gmel.) O. Kunze. Ann. Bot., N. S. 26, 291–299 (1962).
Moor, H. Die Gefrier-Fixation lebender Zellen und ihre Anwendung in der Elektronenmikroskopie. Z. Zellforsch. 62, 546–580 (1964).
—: Freeze-etching. High Vacuum Report 2, Liechtenstein: Balzers A.G. (May, 1965).
—: Ultrastrukturen im Zellkern der Bäckerhefe. J. Cell Biol. 29, 153–155 (1966).
—: Der Feinbau der Mikrotubuli in Hefe nach Gefrierätzung. Protoplasma (Wein) 64, 89–103 (1967).
—, and K. Mühlethaler: Fine structure in frozen-etched yeast cells. J. Cell Biol. 17, 609–628 (1963).
——, H. Waldner, and A. Frey-Wyssling: A new freezing microtome. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 10, 1–10 (1961).
Nagai, R., and L. I. Rebhun: Cytoplasmic microfilaments in streaming Nitella cells. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 14, 571–589 (1966).
Northcote, D. H., and F. B. P. Wooding: Development of sieve tubes in Acer pseudoplatanus. Proc. roy. Soc. B 163, 524–537 (1966).
O'Brien, T. P., and K. V. Thimann: Intracellular fibres in oat coleoptile cells and their possible significance in cytoplasmic streaming. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 56, 888–894 (1966).
Ohad, I., D. Danon, and S. Hestrin: The use of shadow-casting technique for measurement of the width of elongated particles. J. Cell Biol. 17, 321–326 (1963).
Parker, J.: Transcellular strands and intercellular particles. Movement in sieve tubes of some common tree species. Naturwissenschaften 11, 273–274 (1964a).
—: Sieve tube strands in tree bark. Nature (Lond.) 202, 926–927 (1964b).
—: Stains for strands in sieve tubes. Stain Technol. 40, 223–225 (1965).
Spanner, D. C., and J. N. Prebble: The movement of tracers along the petiole of Nymphoides peltatum. J. exp. Bot. 13, 294–306 (1962).
Tamulevitch, S. R., and R. F. Evert: Aspects of sieve element ultrastructure in Primula obconica. Planta (Berl.) 69, 319–337 (1966).
Thaine, R.: Transcellular strands and particle movement in mature sieve tubes. Nature (Lond.) 192, 772–773 (1961).
Thaine, R.: A translocation hypothesis based on the structure of plant cytoplasm. J. exp. Bot. 13, 152–160 (1962).
—: Surface associations between particles and the endoplasmic reticulum in protoplasmic streaming. New Phytologist 64, 118–130 (1965).
—, M. C. Probine, and P. Y. Dyer: The existence of transcellular strands in mature sieve elements. J. exp. Bot. 18, 110–127 (1967).
Venable, J. H., and R. Coggeshall: A simplified lead citrate stain for use in electron microscopy. J. Cell Biol. 25, 407–408 (1965).
Weatherley, P. E., and R. P. C. Johnson: The form and function of the sieve tube. Internat. Rev. Cytol. 24 (in press).
Wohlfarth-Bottermann, K. E., and H. Komnick: Die Gefahren der Glutaraldehyd-Fixation. J. Microscopie 5, 441–452 (1966).
Wooding, F. B. P.: Fine structure and development of phloem sieve tube content. Protoplasma (Wien) 64, 315–324 (1967).
Ziegler, H.: Untersuchungen über die Feinstruktur des Phloems. I. Mitt. Die Siebplatten bei Heracleum mantegazzianum Somm. et Lev. Planta (Berl.) 55, 1–12 (1960).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Johnson, R.P.C. Microfilaments in pores between frozen-etched sieve elements. Planta 81, 314–332 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00398019
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00398019