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Anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent and condensation water waste: an overall kinetic model for methane production and substrate utilization

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Abstract

The process of anaerobic digestion is viewed as a series of reactions which can be described kinetically both in terms of substrate utilization and methane production. It is considered that the rate limiting factor in the digestion of complex wastewaters is hydrolysis and this cannot be adequately described using a Monod equation. In contrast readily assimilable wastewaters conform well to this approach. A generalized equation has thus been derived, based on both the Monod and Contois equations, which serves extreme cases. The model was verified experimentally using continuous feed anaerobic digesters treating palm oil mill effluent (POME) and condensation water from a thermal concentration process. POME represents a complex substrate comprising of unhydrolyzed materials whereas the condensation water is predominantly short chain volatile fatty acids. Substrate removal and methane production in both cases could be predicted accurately using the generalized equation presented.

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Abbreviations

A :

(=KskY/Kh) Kinetic parameter

B :

Specific methane yield, 1 of CH4/g of substrate added B0 Maximum specific methane yield, 1 of CH4/g of substrate added at infinity Θ

C :

Empirical constant in Contois equation

F :

Volumetric substrate removal rate, g/l day

k :

Hydrolysed substrate transport rate coefficient, 1/days

K :

(=YC) Kinetic parameter in Chen-Hashimoto equation

K h :

Substrate hydrolysis rate coefficient, 1/days

K s :

Half-saturation constant for hydrolysed substrate, g/l

M v :

Volumetric methane production rate, 1 of CH4/l day

MS :

Mineral solids, g/l

MSS :

Mineral suspended soilds, g/l

POME :

Palm oil mill effluent

R :

(=Sr/ST0) Refractory coefficient

S h :

Concentration of hydrolysed substrate, g/l

S u :

Intracellular concentration of hydrolysed substrate, g/l

S 0 :

Input biodegradable substrate concentration, g/l

S :

Biodegradable substrate concentration in the effluent or in the digester, g/l

S r :

Refractory feed substrate concentration, g/l

S T0 :

(=S0+Sr) Total feed substrate concentration, g/l

S T :

(S+Sr) Total substrate concentration in the effluent, g/l

TS :

Total solids, g/l

TSS :

Total suspended solids, g/l

VFA :

Total volatile fatty acids, g/l

VS :

Volatile solids, g/l

VSS :

Volatile suspended solids, g/l

X :

Biomass concentration, g/l

Y :

Biomass yield coefficient, biomass/substrate mass

Θ :

Hydraulic retention time, days.

μ:

Specific growth rate of microorganisms, l/days

μ m :

Maximum specific growth rate of microorganisms, l/days

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de la Grasa y sus Derivados (C.S.I.C.), Avda. Padre Garcia Tejero 4, E-41012, Sevilla, Spain

    R. Borja

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering UMIST, Environmental Technology Centre, P.O. Box 88, M60 1QD, Manchester, UK

    C. J. Banks & B. Khalfaoui

  3. Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Avda. San Alberto Magno s/n, E-14004, Córdoba, Spain

    A. Martín

Authors
  1. R. Borja
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  2. C. J. Banks
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  3. A. Martín
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  4. B. Khalfaoui
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Additional information

The authors wish to express their gratitude to the “Departamento de Postgrado y Especialización del CSIC” and to the “Consejería de Educación y Ciencia de la Junta de Andalucia” for their financial support of this work.

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Borja, R., Banks, C.J., Martín, A. et al. Anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent and condensation water waste: an overall kinetic model for methane production and substrate utilization. Bioprocess Engineering 13, 87–95 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00420434

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