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Uniqueness theorems for the entropy in any differential body of complexity one

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Abstract

By using in an essential way a certain condition of mutual physical equivalence between admissible response functions for the heat flux, in a previous paper uniqueness theorems were proved for the response functions of the internal energy and of the equilibrium stress, in connection with differential bodies of complexity 1. It was then pointed out that the equality expressing the vanishing of the static internal dissipation uniquely determines the rate of entropy variation in terms of the rate of the internal energy variation and of the equilibrium stress. This paper shows, in a threefold manner, that the last result also holds if one does not impose the condition of physical equivalence. The first proof uses the assumption that the response functions are Euclidean invariant. The second proof uses (i) the weaker assumption of Galilean invariance and (ii) a greater degree of smoothness of the response function for the internal energy. Both of these proofs use an axiom postulating the possibility of putting the body in contact with a vacuum. The third proof of the uniqueness property for the entropy is independent of the isolation axiom and uses the assumptions of the second proof. Whereas any of the first two proofs is a consequence of the uniqueness theorem for the internal energy-proved here by using the afore-mentioned axiom-the third proof does not depend on this theorem. Rather, disregarding the above isolation axiom, it implies that uniqueness of the entropy is compatible with non-uniqueness of both the stress and internal energy.

Sommario

In un precedente articolo, utilizzando in maniera essenziale una certa condizione di mutua equivalenza fisica tra ammissibili funzioni costitutive per il flusso di calore, si dimostrano teoremi di unicità per le funzioni costitutive di energia interna e di stress statico in corpi di tipo differenziale e complessità 1. Inoltre si osserva che, di conseguenza, la uguaglianza esprimente l'annullarsi della dissipazione interna statica permette di determinare univocamente la velocità di variazione dell'entropia in termini della velocità di variazione dell'energia interna e dello stress statico. Nel presente lavoro si dimostra, in triplice maniera, che l'ultimo risultato vale anche se non si impone la accennata condizione di equivalenza fisica. Nella prima dimostrazione si usa l'ipotesi di invarianza Euclidea per le funzioni costitutive. Nella seconda si usa (i) la più debole ipotesi di invarianza Galileiana e (ii) un maggiore grado di regolarità per la funzione costitutiva dell'energia interna. In entrambe le dimostrazioni si usa un assioma che postula la possibilità di porre in contatto il corpo con il vuoto. La terza dimostrazione della proprietà di unicità per l'entropia, che usa le medesime ipotesi della seconda, è indipendente da tale assioma. Mentre nelle prime due dimostrazioni si richiama il teorema il teorema di unicità per l'energia interna-qui dimostrato con l'assioma di isolamento-la terza dimostrazione non dipende da tale teorema. Invece, se non si assume l'assioma di isolamento con il vuoto, l'unicità dell'entropia risulta compatibile con certe non-unicità per stress ed energia interna.

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Montanaro, A. Uniqueness theorems for the entropy in any differential body of complexity one. Meccanica 27, 75–83 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00420585

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