Abstract
Nucleation and crystallization behaviour of glasses in SiO2-La2O3, SiO2-La2O3-Al2O3 and SiO2-La2O3-ZrO2 systems were investigated using glasses prepared by the fusion of “gels” and the mixtures of oxides in solar/image furnace. Two methods for the preparation of multicomponent homogeneous non-crystalline products in the form of gels were developed. The phase separation, devitrification and micro-hardness of the above glasses were investigated in relation to the starting materials and the composition. The results show that the glasses made from gels are more homogeneous than those made from oxide mixtures. The phase separation characteristics of glasses made from gels are markedly different from those of glasses made from a mixture of oxides. The addition of Al2O3 to the binary SiO2-La2O3 glasses improves the homogeneity but reduces the micro-hardness and the devitrification tendency, whereas the addition of ZrO2 causes a considerable increase in micro-hardness and enhances the devitrification. The rates of nucleation and crystallization of glasses of different compositions made from gels are much higher than those made from the mixture of oxides. The formation of the high temperature crystal form, (Β-La2Si2O7 is more evident with the crystallization of gel-glasses. When the rate of nucleation is low, (in the case of glasses from the mixture of oxides), the curve representing the relation between the micro-hardness and the time of heat-treatment shows a distinct minimum, whereas this minimum is not obtained with the gel-glasses. With most of the gel-glasses, the micro-hardness rises very sharply with the length of heat-treatment. The curve showing the relation between the micro-hardness and the volume fraction of the dispersed crystalline phase also gives a distinct minimum which can be explained on the basis of the fracture mechanism consisting of the processes of crack nucleation and of crack propagation around the dispersed crystalline particles.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
R. Roy,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 39 (1956) 145.
W. C. Ruth andC. O. Ingamells,Amer. Mineral 50 (1965) 255.
G. M. Biggar andM. J. O'Hara,Mineral. Mag. 37 (1969) 198.
R. Roy,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 52 (1969) 344;54 (1971) 639.
H. Dislich,Angew. Chemie. Intern. Edition 10 (6) (1971) 363.
H. K. Henisch, “Crystal growth in gels” (The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1970).
A. N. Lazarev andM. G. Voronkov,Optics. Spectrosc. 8 (1960) 325.
K. A. Andrianov andA. A. Zhdanov,J. Polymer Sci. 30 (1958) 513.
J. P. Traverse andP. Flamand, “Symposium on Physico-chemical Techniques at High Temperature”, Baden bei Wein, September 1973, p. 21.
J. P. Traverse, M. Foex andR. Collongues, Congrès “Le Soleil au Service de l'Homme” Paris, 26 July 1973.
M. S. Maklad andN. J. Kreidl, IX International Congress on Glass, Versailles, France (1971).
L. Ainsworth,J. Soc. Glass. Tech. 38 (1954) 479, 501, 536.
D. M. Marsh,Proc. Roy. Soc. A 282 (1964) 33.
G. M. Bartenev, I.V. Razumovskaya andD. S. Sanditov,J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1 (1969) 388.
M. Yamane andJ. D. Mackenzie,ibid 15 (1974) 153.
W. A. Weyl andE. Marboe, “The Constitution of Glasses”, Vol. I (Interscience, New York, 1962) p. 383.
A. Petzold, F. G. Wihsmann andH. Von Kamptz,Glastech. Ber. 34 (1961) 56.
A. Makishima andJ. D. Mackenzie,J. Non-Cryst. Solids 12 (1973) 35.
W. A. Weyl andE. C. Marboe, “The Constitution of Glasses”, Vol. II, Part 1 (Interscience, New York, (1964) p. 511.
K. L. Loewenstein,Phys. Chem. Glasses 2 (1961) 69.
Y. Utsumi andS. Sakka,Glass. Tech. 11 (1970) 87.
A. Clearfield andP. A. Vaughan,Acta Cryst. 9 (1956) 555.
J. M. Fletcher andC. J. Hardy,Chem. Ind. January (1968) 48.
I. Warshaw andR. Roy, “Progress in Science and Technology of the Rare Earths”, Vol. 1 (Pergamon Press, New York, 1964) p. 215.
J. Felsche,J. Less-Common Metals 21 (1970) 1.
E. E. Underwood, A. R. Colcord andR. C. Waugh, “Ceramic microstructure”, edited by R. M. Fulrath and J. A. Pask (John Wiley, New York, 1968) Ch. 1, p. 25.
S. P. Mukherjee andP. S. Rogers,Phys. Chem. Glasses 8 (1967) 81.
M. J. Buerger,Amer. Mineral. 33 (1948) 744.
A. G. Verduch,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 41 (1958) 427.
G. Hetherington, K. H. Jack andJ. C. Kennedy,Phys. Chem. Glasses 5 (1969) 130.
F. E. Wagstaff, S. D. Brown andI. B. Cutler,ibid 5 (1964) 76.
D. M. Dodd andD. B. Fraser,Amer. Mineral 52 (1967) 140.
M. J. Buerger in “Phase Transformation in Solids” edited by R. Smoluchowskiet al. (John Wiley, New York 1951) Ch. 6, p. 196.
D. P. H. Hasselman andR. M. Fulrath.J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 49 (1966) 68.
N. Miyata andH. Jinno,J. Mater. Sci. 7 (1972) 973.
J. Zarzycki in “Recent Advances in Science and Technology of Materials” Vol. 2, edited by Adli Bishay (Plenum Press, New York, 1974) p. 193.
N. A. Toropov andI. A. Bondar,Izvest. Akad. Nauk SSSR Otdelenie Khim. Nauk 5 (1961) 740.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mukherjee, S.P., Zarzycki, J. & Traverse, J.P. A comparative study of “gels” and oxide mixtures as starting materials for the nucleation and crystallization of silicate glasses. J Mater Sci 11, 341–355 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00551446
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00551446