Abstract
Alloys of Ni-20 wt. % Cr containing 3 vol. % of a dispersed oxide phase have been prepared by a mechanical alloying method and oxidized in oxygen at 100 Torr in the temperature range of 900 to 1200°C. It appears that the dispersed oxide has four distinct effects on the oxidation: (1) the selective oxidation of chromium to form a continuous protective Cr 2 O 3 scale is promoted; (2) the rate of growth of Cr 2 O 3 is reduced compared with particle-free alloys; (3) the adhesion of the Cr 2 O 3 is greatly improved; and (4)the scale-forming reaction appears to be at the scale-metal interface in alloys containing a dispersion, but at the scale-oxygen interface in alloys without a dispersion. It appears that the nature of the dispersed oxide is not important, since very similar effects can be obtained with ThO 2,Y 2 O 3,and CeO 2 dispersions. It is demonstrated that a logical deduction from this evidence is that the growth of Cr 2 O 3 scales on dispersion-free systems must involve short-circuit diffusion of chromium through the scale, and that it seems probable that an effect of the dispersion must be to retard or eliminate this short-circuit process. It is suggested that the oxide particles act as nucleation centers for the oxide, thus reducing the oxide grain size; and it is shown that this simple hypothesis is sufficient to explain a number of the experimental observations.
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This work has been supported by the Naval Air Systems Command under Contract No. N00019-71-C-0079.
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Stringer, J., Wilcox, B.A. & Jaffee, R.I. The high-temperature oxidation of nickel-20 wt. % chromium alloys containing dispersed oxide phases. Oxid Met 5, 11–47 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00614617
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00614617