Abstract
A new model to explain the unexpectedly large heat transfer between liquid3He and sintered metal heat exchangers is described and evaluated. The heat transfer results from a direct coupling of3He quasiparticles in the pores to vibrational modes of the sintered metal powder. It is proposed that for a range of temperatures below 20 mK the dominant vibrational modes of the sinter are localized oscillations involving a few powder particles with frequencies distributed over a constant density of states. The3He is then treated as a Fermi gas in a set of boxes corresponding to the pores in the sinter. The vibrating or shaking boxes transfer energy to the3He quasiparticles inside the box. The calculated heat transfer between liquid3He and the vibrational modes of sintered metal heat exchangers isQ/(VΔT)∼4×10 −15 T/d 3 W m−3 K−1, where Q is the heat flow for a temperature differenceΔT, V is the volume of the sinter (metal and helium), andd is the powder particle diameter in meters; this has the observed linear temperature dependence, and in magnitude is larger than or comparable to published results from several laboratories. The heat transfer between the vibrational modes and the electron gas in the metal sinter that is needed to complete the heat path can also be described by the same model with the result that the electron-“phonon” coupling is significantly larger than the3He-“phonon” coupling. When the model is applied to heat transfer between liquid3He-4He mixtures and sinter the calculated results are again comparable to or larger than those measured. The postulated localized oscillator modes give a specific heat, linear in temperature, that is in reasonable agreement with measurements for pressed powder by Pohl and Tait.
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Rutherford, A.R., Harrison, J.P. & Stott, M.J. Heat transfer between liquid3He and sintered metal heat exchangers. J Low Temp Phys 55, 157–174 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00683657
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00683657