Internal strain energy and the strength of brittle materials

Abstract

The theory of Clarke for the formation of grain boundary cracks in anisotropic polycrystalline materials, is re-examined in the light of recent experimental data. The theory predicts correctly the conditions for the formation of grain boundary cracks of length similar to a grain dimension. However, the theory cannot be used to explain the experimentally observed strength/grain size and strength/irradiation dose relationships, for example for BeO. The theory supposes that the process controlling catastrophic fracture is the growth of a crack from a grain boundary pore with an energy absorption rate corresponding to the grain boundary surface energy of ∼10³ erg/cm². In practice, the process controlling catastrophic fracture is the subsequent growth of a crack from a grain dimension, with a higher energy absorption rate corresponding to an effective surface energy of ∼10⁴ erg/cm².