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The environmentally-sound management of agricultural phosphorus

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Abstract

Freshwater eutrophication is often accelerated by increased phosphorus (P) inputs, a greater share of which now come from agricultural nonpoint sources than two decades ago. Maintenance of soil P at levels sufficient for crop needs is an essential part of sustainable agriculture. However, in areas of intensive crop and livestock production in Europe and the U.S.A., P has accumulated in soils to levels that are a long-term eutrophication rather than agronomic concern. Also, changes in land management in Europe and the U.S.A. have increased the potential for P loss in surface runoff and drainage. There is, thus, a need for information on how these factors influence the loss of P in agricultural runoff. The processes controlling the build-up of P in soil, its transport in surface and subsurface drainage in dissolved and particulate forms, and their biological availability in freshwater systems, are discussed in terms of environmentally sound P management. Such management will involve identifying P sources within watersheds; targeting cost-effective remedial measures to minimize P losses; and accounting for different water quality objectives within watersheds. The means by which this can be achieved are identified and include developing soil tests to determine the relative potential for P enrichment of agricultural runoff to occur; establishing threshold soil P levels which are of environmental concern; finding alternative uses for animal manures to decrease land area limitations for application; and adopting management systems integrating measures to reduce P sources as well as runoff and erosion potential.

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  1. National Agricultural Water Quality Lab., USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 1430, 74702-1430, Durant, OK, USA

    Andrew N. Sharpley & Paul J. A. Withers

  2. Martyr Worthy, ADAS Bridgets Research Centre, S021 IAP, Winchester, Hampshire, United Kingdom

    Andrew N. Sharpley & Paul J. A. Withers

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Sharpley, A.N., Withers, P.J.A. The environmentally-sound management of agricultural phosphorus. Fertilizer Research 39, 133–146 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00750912

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