Abstract
While modern railway systems in general are considered to have comparatively low environmental impacts, high speed rail systems require special attention to ecological appraisal. Two case studies are presented - the new rail lines of the West German Federal Railways, and the European high speed rail project Paris-Brussels-Cologne/Amsterdam — which show that environmental compatibility can be costly and time-consuming. However, it would seem that the environment would not be a main issue for the proposed Amsterdam-Groningen-Hamburg connection if it primarily used existing rail lines.
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Gand, H. Comparative environmental impacts of different modes. Transportation 14, 139–145 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00837590
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00837590