Skip to main content
Log in

Sexual reproduction in someScrophularia species (Scrophulariaceae) from the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands

  • Published:
Plant Systematics and Evolution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The reproductive biology of someScrophularia species in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands has been studied. Levels of fruit-set in bagged and unbagged inflorescences, the production of seeds/capsule, the effectiveness of seed-set following cross-pollination in the genus and the pollen/ovule ratios have been analyzed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bawa, K. S., Beach, J. H., 1981: Evolution of sexual systems in flowering plants. — Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.68: 254–274.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beattie, A. J., 1985: The evolutionary ecology of ant-plant mutualisms. — Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cruden, R. W., 1977: Pollen ovule ratios: a conservative indicator of breeding systems in flowering plants. — Evolution31: 32–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahl, E., Hadác, E., 1940: Maur som blomsterbestøvere. — Nyt. Mag. Naturvid.81: 46–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalgaard, V., 1979: Biosystematics of the Macaronesian species ofScrophularia. — Opera Bot.51: 3–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobrofsky, S., Grant, W. F., 1980: An investigation into the mechanism for reduced seed yield inLotus corniculatus. — Theor. Appl. Genet.57: 157–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elias, T. S., 1983: Extrafloral nectaries: their structure and distribution. — InBentley, B. L., Elias, T. S., (Eds): The biology of nectaries, pp. 174–203. — New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Faegri, K., Van Der Pijl, L., 1979: The principles of pollination ecology. 3rd edn. — Oxford: Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frixell, P. A., 1957: Mode of reproduction of higher plants. — Bot. Rev.23: 135–233.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, A., 1871: Arrangement for cross fertilization of the flowers ofScrophularia nodosa. — Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 3,2: 150–151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herrera, C. M., Herrera, J., Espadaler, X., 1984: Nectar thievery by ants from southern Spanish insect pollinated flowers. — Insectes Sociaux31: 142–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hickman, J. C., 1974: Pollination by ants: a low-energy system. — Science184: 1290–1292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inouye, D. W., 1983: The ecology of nectar robbing. — InBentley, B. L., Elias, T. S., (Eds): The biology of nectaries, pp. 153–173. — New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kincaid, T., 1963: The ant-plant,Orthocarpus pusillus. — Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc.82: 101–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, D. A., 1983: Plant parentage: an alternative view of the breeding structure of populations. — InKing, C. E., Dawson, P. S., (Eds): Population biology, retrospect and prospect, 7. — New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd, D. G., Webb, C. J., 1986: The avoidance of interference between the presentation of pollen and stigmas in angiosperms. — New Zealand J. Bot.24: 135–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Masters, M. T., 1869: Cleistogamous flowers inScrophularia arguta. — Vegetable Teratology.

  • Murneek, A. E., 1954: The embryo and endosperm in relation to fruit development with special reference to the apple,Malus sylvestris. — Proc. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci.64: 573–582.

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller, H., 1883: The fertilization of flowers. — London.

  • Ortega Olivencia, A., Devesa, J. A., 1990: Contribución al estudio cariológico del géneroScrophularia L. (Scrophulariaceae) en la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. — Lagascalia16: 171–198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ortega Olivencia, A., Devesa, J. A., 1993: Floral rewards in someScrophularia species (Scrophulariaceae) from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. — Pl. Syst. Evol.184: 139–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Proctor, M., Yeo, P., 1972: The pollination of flowers. — New York: Collins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ricca, L., 1871: Alcune osservazioni relative alla Dichogamia nei vegetali fatte sulle Alpi di Val Camonica nell'anno 1879 da. — Atti. Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat.13: 254–263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schemske, D. W., 1981: Floral convergence and pollinator sharing in two beepollinated tropical herbs. — Ecology62: 946–954.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schemske, D. W., 1983: Breeding system and habitat effects on fitness components in three neotropicalCostus (Zingiberaceae). — Evolution37: 523–539.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlessman, M. A., 1986: Floral protogyny, self-compatibility and the pollination ofOurisia macrocarpa (Scrophulariaceae). — New Zealand J. Bot.24: 651–656.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schremmer, F., 1959: Blütenbiologische Beobachtungen in Istrien (Yugoslawien). II. Die Bestäuber der Blüten vonScrophularia canina L. und Beobachtungen über postflorale Nektarabsonderung. — Österr. Bot. Z.106: 187–193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, J., 1962: The biosystematics ofScrophularia in western North America. — Aliso5: 147–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephenson, A. G., 1981: Flower and fruit abortion: proximate causes and ultimate functions. — Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst.12: 253–279.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stiefelhagen, H., 1910: Systematische und pflanzengeographische Studien zur Kenntnis der GattungScrophularia. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie. — Bot. Jahrb.44: 406–496.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trelease, W., 1881: The fertilization ofScrophularia. — Bull. Torrey Bot. Club8: 133–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, A. S., 1878: On the association of an inconspicuous corolla with proterogynous dichogamy in insect-fertilised flowers. — Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci.1878: 564–567.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wydler, H., 1828: Essai monographique sur le genre Scrofularia. — Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève4: 121–170.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Some observations on floral and reproductive biology in some species ofScrophularia from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. II. For first part seeOrtega Olivencia & Devesa 1993.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Olivencia, A.O., Alcaraz, J.A.D. Sexual reproduction in someScrophularia species (Scrophulariaceae) from the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands. Pl Syst Evol 184, 159–174 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00937433

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00937433

Key words

Navigation