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Ultrastructure of sieve-element plastids inCaryophyllales (Centrospermae), evidence for the delimitation and classification of the order

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Abstract

The orderCaryophyllales (Centrospermae) was found to contain specific P-type sieve-element plastids which are characterized by protein inclusions composed of ring-shaped bundles of filaments and of central crystalloids. The sieve-element plastids of 14 families (140 species investigated) fit into this overall characterization, and more specific details are used to delimit the families and arrange them within the order.Phytolaccaceae, the basic family of the order display much diversity: the crystalloids inside their plastids are either globular (most genera) or polygonal (Stegnosperma), starch may also be present (Phytolacca).Nyctaginaceae, with starch inBougainvillea sieve-element plastids, can be derived directly fromPhytolacca. Globular crystalloids are present in most of the families, as inDidiereaceae, Cactaceae, Aizoaceae-Tetragoniaceae, Portulacaceae-Basellaceae-Halophytaceae-Hectorellaceae. Caryophyllaceae andLimeum ofMolluginaceae contain polygonal crystalloids (otherMolluginaceae with globular crystalloids). Crystalloids are entirely absent fromChenopodiaceae (incl.Dysphaniaceae) andAmaranthaceae. The probable relationships between these families are presented diagrammatically in Fig. 13.

Bataceae, Gyrostemonaceae, Vivianiaceae, Theligonaceae, Polygonaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Fouquieriaceae, Frankeniaceae, andRhabdodendraceae—all at some time included into theCaryophyllales (Centrospermae) or doubtfully referred to them—develop S-type (or different P-type) sieve-element plastids. Their direct connection to theCaryophyllales therefore is excluded. Finally, evolutionary trends of theCaryophyllales are discussed.

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  1. Lehrstuhl für Zellenlehre der Universität, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, D-6900, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany

    H. -Dietmar Behnke

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Presented in the Symposium “Evolution of Centrospermous Families”, during the XIIth International Botanical Congress, Leningrad, July 8, 1975.

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Behnke, H.D. Ultrastructure of sieve-element plastids inCaryophyllales (Centrospermae), evidence for the delimitation and classification of the order. Pl Syst Evol 126, 31–54 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00986073

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00986073

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