Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Aphid feeding deterrents in sorghum

Bioassay isolation and characterization

  • Published:
Journal of Chemical Ecology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Improvements in a synthetic diet for use in a bioassay to screen for feeding deterrents againstSchizaphis graminum, greenbug, are reported. Feeding on the synthetic diet was highly pH dependent with maximum feeding occurring at about pH 8.0. The bioassay was used as a guide in the isolation of feeding deterrent substances from aphid-resistant lines of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). The major greenbug feeding deterrents isolated from sorghum leaves wereP-hydroxybenzaldehyde (ED50 0.13%), dhurrin (ED50 0.16%), and procyanidin (ED50 0.08%).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adams, C.M., andBernays, E.A. 1978. The effect of combinations of deterrents on the feeding behaviour ofLocusta migratoria.Entomol. Exp. Appl. 23:101–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akey, D.H., andBeck, S.D. 1971. Continuous rearing of the pea aphidAcyrthosiphon pisum, on a holidic diet.Ann. Ento. Soc. Am. 64:353–356.

    Google Scholar 

  • Auclair, J.L. 1965. Feeding and nutrition of the pea aphidAcryrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphidae), on chemically defined diets of various pH and nutrient levels.Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 58:855–875.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bate-Smith, E.C. 1969. Luteoforol (3′4,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavan) inSorghum vulgare L.Phytochemistry 8:1803–1810.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bate-Smith, E.C., andRasper, V. 1969. Tannins of grain sorghum: Luteoforol (leu-coluteolinidin), 3′,4,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavan.J. Food Sci. 34:203–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bough, W.A., andGander, J.E. 1972. Isolation and characterization of chelidonic acid fromSorghum vulgare.Phytochemistry 11:209–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cress, D.C., andChada, H.L. 1971. Development of a synthetic diet for the greenbug,Schizaphis graminurn 1. Greenbug development on two synthetic diets.Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 64:1237–1240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher, A.C., Porter, L.J., Haslam, E., andGopta, R.K. 1977. Plant proanthocyanidin. Part 3. Conformational and configurational studies of natural procyanidins.J. Chem. Soc. Perkin I:1628–1643.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haslam, E. 1977. Symmetry and promiscuity in procyandin biochemistry.Phytochemistry 16:1625–1640.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hogg, P.G., andAblgren, H.L. 1943. Environmental, breeding and inheritance studies of hydrocyanic acid inSorghum vulgare var. sudanense.J. Agric. Res. 67:195–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, J.W., Rosenow, D.T., andTeetes, G.L. 1974. Response of greenbug-resistant grain sorghum lines and hybrids to a natural infestation of greenbugs.Crop Sci. 14:442–443.

    Google Scholar 

  • Juneja, P.S., Gholson, R.K., Burton, R.L., andStarks, K.J. 1972. The chemical basis for greenbug resistance in small grains. I. Benzyl alcohol as a possible resistance factor.Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 65:961–964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Juneja, P.S., Pearcy, S.C., Gholson, R.K., Burton, R.L., andStarks, K.J. 1975. Chemical basis for greenbug resistance in small grains II. Identification of the major neutral metabolite of benzyl alcohol in barley.Plant Physiol. 56:385–389.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kojima, M., Poulton, J.E., Thayer, S.S., andConn, E.E. 1979. Tissue distributions of dhurrin and of enzymes involved in its metabolism in leaves ofSorghum bicolor.Plant Physiol. 63:1022–1028.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loomis, W.D., Lile, J.D., Sandstom, R.P., andBurbott, A.J. 1979. Adsorbent polystyrene as an aid in plant enzyme isolation.Phytochemistry 18:1049–1054.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowe, H.J.B. 1967. Interspecific differences in the biology of aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) on leaves ofVicia faba. II. Growth and excretion.Entomol. Exp. Appl. 10:413–420.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mao, C.-H., andAnderson, L. 1967. Cyanogenesisin Sorghum vulgare II. Partial purification and characterization of two β-glucosidases fromSorghum tissues.Phytochemistry 6:473–483.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mao, C.-H., Blocher, J.P., Anderson, L., andSmith, D.C. 1965. Cyanogenesis inSorghum vulgare I. An improved method for the isolation of dhurrin: Physical properties of dhurrin.Phytochemistry 4:297–303.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montgomery, M.E., andArn, H.J. 1974. Feeding response ofAphis pomi, Myzue persicae andAmphorophora agathonica to phlorizin.J. Insect Physiol. 20:413–421.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nault, L.R., andBowers, W.S. 1974. Multiple alarm pheromones in aphids.Entomol.Exp. Appl. 17:455–457.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nip, W.K., andBurns, E.E. 1971. Pigment characterization in grain sorghum. II. White varieties.Cereal Chem. 48:74–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saunders, J.A., andConn, E.E. 1978. Presence of the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin in isolated vacuoles fromSorghum.Plant Physiol. 61:154–157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saunders, J.A., Conn, E.E., Lin, C.H., andStocking, C.R. 1977. Subcellular localization of the cyanogenic glucoside of sorghum by autoradiography.Plant Physiol. 59:647–652.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saxena, P.N.,andChada, H.L. 1971a. The greenbug,Schizaphis graminum 1, mouth parts and feeding habits.Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 64:897–903.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saxena, P.N., andChada, H.L. 1971b. The greenbug,Schizaphis graminum 2, The salivary gland complex.Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 64:904–912.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schuster, D.J., andStarks, K.J. 1973. Greenbugs: Components of host-plant resistance in sorghum.J. Econ. Entomol. 66:1131–1134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schweissing, F.C., andWilde, G., 1979. Temperature and plant nutrient effects on resistance of seedling sorghum to the greenbug.J. Econ. Entomol 72:20–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, P. 1977. Artificial Diets for Insects, Mites, and Spiders. Plenum, New York, p. 270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava, P.N., andAuclair, J.L. 1971. An improved chemically defined diet for the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum.Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 64:474–478.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stafford, H.A. 1965. Flavonoids and related compounds produced in the first internode ofSorghum vulgare pers. in darkness and in light.Plant Physiol. 40:130–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stafford, H.A., 1967. Biosynthesis of phenolic compounds in first internodes of sorghum: Lignin and related products.Plant Physiol. 42:450–455.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stafford, H.A. 1969. Changes in phenolic compounds and related enzymes in young plants of sorghum.Phytochemistry 8:743–752.

    Google Scholar 

  • Starks, K.J. 1979. Private communication.

  • Starks, K.J., andBurton, R.L. 1977. Greenbugs: determining biotypes, culturing, and screening for plant resistance. U.S.D.A. Technical Bulletin No. 1556.

  • Todd, G.W., Getahun, A., andCress, D.C. 1971. Resistance in barley to the greenbug,Schizaphis graminum 1, Toxicity of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and related substances.Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 64:718–722.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wienttens, W.H.J.M., Lakwijk, A.C., andVan Der Marel, T. 1973. Alarm pheromone of grain aphids.Experientia 29:658–660.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodhead, S., andBernays, E. 1977. Changes in release rates of cyanide in relation to palatability of sorghum to insects.Nature 270:235–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodhead, S., andBernays, E.A. 1978. The chemical basis of resistanceof Sorghum bicolor to attack byLocusta migratoria.Entomol. Exp. Appl. 24:123–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yasumatsa, K., Nakayama, T.O.M., andChichester, C.O. 1965. Flavonoids of sorghum.J. Food. Sci. 30:663–667.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. John C. Reese

    Present address: Department of Entomology and Applied Ecology, University of Delaware, 19711, Newark, Delaware

Authors and Affiliations

  1. U.S. Department of Agriculture Science and Education Administration, Western Regional Research Center, Berkeley, California

    David L. Dreyer, John C. Reese & Kenneth C. Jones

Authors
  1. David L. Dreyer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. John C. Reese
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kenneth C. Jones
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Reference to a company and/or product named by the department is only for purposes of information and does not imply approval or recommendation of the product to the exclusion of others which may also be suitable.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Dreyer, D.L., Reese, J.C. & Jones, K.C. Aphid feeding deterrents in sorghum. J Chem Ecol 7, 273–284 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00995750

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00995750

Key words

Search

Navigation