Summary
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1.
When steels having a crystallographically ordered initial structure (martensite) are heated, the heating rate strongly affects the structure of the austenite produced.
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2.
In slow heating the original grain size of the austenite is restored, and many austenite nuclei are observed in transformation. Restoration can be explained by the crystallographic affinity between the austenite nuclei formed, and the original structure.
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3.
Very rapid heating of a quenched steel also restores the original grain size, and this is apparently due to ‘diffusionless’ austenite formation.
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4.
When steel is heated at intermediate temperatures, a fine-grained austenite is formed and the shorter the time taken to pass through the critical temperature range, the finer the resulting grain. The size of this grain is determined by only some of the austenite nuclei. This can be explained on the assumption that metastable austenite is formed.
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5.
The above-described effect of heating rate on the structure of the austenite produced is common to many steels.
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References
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Sokolov, B.K., Sadovskii, V.D. Mechanism of austenite formation in heating steel. Met Sci Heat Treat 1, 7–14 (1959). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01167410
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01167410