Abstract
In contrast to Europe and North America, air pollution in Asia is increasing rapidly, resulting in both local air quality problems and higher acidic depositions. In 1989, an east-west group of scientists initiated a multi-institutional research project on Acid Rain and Emissions Reduction in Asia, funded for the past two years by the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank. Phase I, covering 23 countries of Asia, focussed on the development of PC-based software called the Regional Air Pollution INformation and Simulation Model (RAINS-ASIA). A 94-region Regional Energy Scenario Generator was developed to create alternative energy/emission scenarios through the year 2020. A long-range atmospheric transport model was developed to calculate dispersion and deposition of sulfur, based upon emissions from area and large point sources, on a one-degree grid of Asia. The resulting impacts of acidic deposition on a variety of vegetation types were analyzed using the critical loads approach to test different emissions management strategies, including both energy conservation measures and sulfur abatement technologies.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Amann, M.: 1990, Energy Use, Emissions and Abatement Costs in Europe, in Alcamo, J.et. al. (eds.),The RAINS Model of Acidification, Science and Strategies in Europe. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Arndt, R. and G.R. Carmichael: 1995, Long Range Transport and Deposition of SO2 and Sulfate in Asia, in theProceedings of Acid Reign '95, Kluwer Academic Publishers,this volume.
Asian Institute of Technology: 1995,Acid Rain and Emissions Reduction in Asia — Regional, AIT, Bangkok.
Bertok, I.,et. al.: 1993,Structure of RAINS 7.0 Energy and Emissions Database, WP-93-67, IIASA, Laxenburg.
Bhatti, N.,et. al.: 1992, “Acid Rain in Asia”,Environmental Management, 16 (4), pp. 541–562.
Carmichael, G.R.: 1992, “Modeling of Acid Deposition in Asia”, in theProc. of the Third Annual Conference on Acid Rain and Emissions in Asia, W. K. Foell and C. W. Green (eds.), AIT, Bangkok.
ECON Energy: 1994,Energy Consumption in China. India. Indonesia, and South Korea (by T. Haugland and K. Roland), ECON Energy, Oslo, Norway. Report No. 303/94.
Foell, W. K.: 1992, “An International Research Program on Acid Rain and Emissions in Asia”, inAcidification Research: Evaluation and Policy Applications, T. Schneider (ed.), Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers.
Foell, W.K., and C.W. Green: 1991, “Acid Rain in Asia: An Economic, Energy and Emissions Overview”,Proc. of the Second Annual Workshop on Acid Rain and Emissions in Asia, W.K. Foell and D. Sharma (eds.), AIT, Bangkok.
Hettelingh, J.-P.et. al.: 1995, “Deriving Critical Loads for Asia”, in theProceedings of Acid Reign '95, Kluwer Academic Publishers,this volume.
Hettelingh, J.-P.: 1992, “The Rains-Asia Impact Module: Computation, Mapping and Application of Critical Loads”, in theProc. of the Third Annual Conference on Acid Rain and Emissions in Asia, W. K. Foell and C. W. Green (eds.), AIT, Bangkok.
Hordijk, L.: 1991, “Use of (he Rains Model in Acid Rain Negotiations in Europe”,Environmental Science and Technology, 25 (4), pp. 596–603.
Kuylenstierna, J.C.,et. al.: 1992, A Preliminary Mapping of Relative Sensitivity of Terrestrial Ecosystems to Acidic Deposition in Asia, in theProc. of the Third Annual Conference on Acid Rain and Emissions in Asia, W. K. Foell and C. W. Green (eds.), AIT, Bangkok.
Resource Management Associates of Madison: 1993,Database Structure for the Energy and Emissions (ENEM) Mulodule of the RAINS-ASIA Model. Working Paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Foell, W., Green, C., Amann, M. et al. Energy use, emissions, and air pollution reduction strategies in Asia. Water Air Soil Pollut 85, 2277–2282 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01186173
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01186173