Abstract
The effect of the physically correct boundary conditions and the nonvanishing ground state energy on Bose-Einstein condensation of quantum particles confined to a cubic volumeV=L 3 is evaluated. The transition point is shifted towards higher temperatures by the confinement, the specific heat below the onset of condensation is no longer proportional toT 3/2, and the pressure does depend on the volume. Precise expressions for the modification of the ground state population and for the shift of the condensation temperature are derived, together with an expansion of the internal energy and of the specific heat. Numerical computations confirm the accuracy of our analytical approximations.
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Dedicated to Herbert Wagner, whose work on quantum Fermi liquids proved to be also very stimulating for quantum Bose liquids.
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Grossmann, S., Holthaus, M. Bose-Einstein condensation in a cavity. Z. Physik B - Condensed Matter 97, 319–326 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01307482
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01307482