Direct measurement of static yield properties of cohesive suspensions

Abstract

A technique of yield stress investigation based upon the combined use of two devices (an applied stress rheometer and an instrument for measuring the propagation velocity of small amplitude, torsional shear waves) is described. Investigations into the low shear rate rheological properties of illitic suspensions are reported for shear rates, typically, in the range 10⁻⁴— 10⁻¹ s⁻¹ under applied stresses in the range 0.01 — 10 Nm⁻² and involving shear strains between 10⁻¹ and 10⁻⁴. Results are presented which demonstrate that the technique does not invoke the excessive structural disruption of material associated with applied shear rate based methods (direct and otherwise) and the widely encountered problem of wall slip at the surface of rotational measuring devices is avoided using miniature vane geometries. Results are compared with those obtained using smooth-walled cyclindrical measuring devices in both applied stress and applied shear rate instruments.

Yield measurements are considered in relation to the structural properties of the undisturbed material state and shear moduli obtained by studying the propagation of small amplitude (10⁻⁵ rad), high frequency (~ 300 Hz) torsional shear waves through the test materials are reported. Experimental techniques and instrument modifications to permit these measurements are described.