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Sociopsychological predictors of affiliation with alcoholics anonymous a longitudinal study of “treatment success”

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Summary

Alcoholics Anonymous represent one of the fewclearly successful treatment approaches for alcoholism. In an attempt to delineate the dynamics of this approach, six propositions were derived from previous research on A. A. and tested in a longitudinal study of post-discharge A. A. affiliation among 378 white males treated for alcoholism in a state hospital. Unlike previous studies, the present effort employed full-fledged affiliation with A. A. as the criterion for “success” in this post-discharge maintenance regimen. Through stepwise multiple regression, 24 variables emerged from a battery of 81 possible social and psychological predictors as the set of significant predictors. Propostions were tested by comparison with this set, indicating (1) affiliative needs, (2) experience of intensive labeling as an alcoholic, (3) physical stability previous to treatment, and (4) proneness to guilt to be significant predictors of successful affiliation. Propositions not supported by the data were (1) ego strength and self reliance, (2) social stability previous to treatment, and (3) middle class background and experience. Results indicate the predictive prominence of psychological predispositions to be greater than social attributes, implying the importance of relatively fixed psychological traits in accounting for success in a sociotherapeutic regimen.

Résumé

Les Alcooliques Anonymes représentent une des rares approches thérapeutiques nettement réussies de l'alcoolisme. Dans une tentative de définir la dynamique de cette approche, 6 affirmations ont été tirées de recherches antérieures sur les A. A. pour être examinées dans une étude longitudinale de l'affiliation aux A. A., après la sortie, parmi 378 hommes blancs traités pour alcoolisme dans un hôpital d'état. Contrairement aux études antérieures, le présent travail a utilisé l'affiliation complète aux A. A. comme critère de succès dans ce régime de soutien post-hospitalier. Parmi 81 variables sociales et psychologiques possibles, un complexe de 24 variables s'est révélé significatif du point de vue pronostique, dans une régression multiple pas à pas. Les affirmations ont été comparées à ce complexe, et il est apparu que (1) les besoins de contact, (2) l'expérience intensément vécue d'être considéré comme un alcoolique, (3) la stabilité psychique antérieure au traitement et (4) la tendance à la culpabilité, sont des facteurs pronostiques significatifs pour une affiliation réussie. Les affirmations non confirmées par les résultats furent (1) la force du moi et la confiance en soi, (2) la stabilité sociale antérieure au traitement et (3) la classe moyenne comme milieu social et expérience. Les résultats indiquent donc que les prédispositions psychologiques ont une valeur pronostique plus importante que les facteurs sociaux, ce qui implique l'importance de traits psychologiques relativement fixes dans le succès d'un régime socio-thérapeutique.

Zusammenfassung

Die Anonymen Alkoholiker stellen eines der wenigen eindeutig erfolgreichen Behandlungsverfahren von Alkoholismus dar. In einem Versuch, die Dynamik dieses Ansatzes zu entwerfen, wurden sechs Behauptungen aus früheren Forschungen über A. A. entnommen und in einer Längsschnitt-studie der A. A.-Mitgliedschaft untere 378 entlassenen weißen Männern untersucht, die alle in einer staatlichen Klinik wegen Alkoholismus behandelt worden waren. Entgegen früheren Untersuchungen verwandte die gegenwärtige Studie die volle Mitgliedschaft bei A. A. als Kriterium für den Erfolg dieser Nachbetreuung von Entlassenen. In einer stufenweisen multiplen Regression stellten sich 24 Variablen aus einer Batterie von 81 möglichen sozialen und psychologischen Variablen als voraussagekräftiger Komplex heraus. Die Behauptungen wurden durch einen Vergleich mit diesem Komplex geprüft, woraus sich 1) gesellige Wünsche, 2) das tiefgehende Erlebnis, als Alkoholiker bezeichnet zu werden, 3) psychische Stabilität vor der Behandlung und 4) Neigungen zu Schuldgefühlen als signifikante voraussagekräftige Faktoren für eine erfolgreiche Mitgliedschaft ergaben. Behauptungen, die durch die Ergebnisse nicht gestützt wurden, waren 1) Ichstärke und Selbstvertrauen, 2) soziale Stabilität vor der Behandlung, 3) sozialer Hintergrund und Erfahrung der Mittelklasse. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, daß psychische Veranlagungen mehr Voraussagekraft besitzen als soziale Gelegenheiten, was die Bedeutung von relativ festliegenden psychischen Eigenschaften als Ursache für den Erfolg von soziotherapeutischer Betreuung in sich schließt.

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This research was supported by the Christopher D. Smithers Foundation and the New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations at Cornell University, and secretarial assistance was provided by the University of Georgia.

Research Consultant, Christopher D. Smithers Foundation.

Associate Research Consultant, Christopher D. Smithers Foundation.

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Trice, H.M., Roman, P.M. Sociopsychological predictors of affiliation with alcoholics anonymous a longitudinal study of “treatment success”. Soc Psychiatry 5, 51–59 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01539796

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