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The effects of magnesium-to-calcium ratios in artificial seawater, at different ionic products, upon the induction time, and the mineralogy of calcium carbonate: a laboratory study

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Zusammenfassung

Die Wirkung der Mg2+-Ionenkonzentration und des Ionenprodukts von Karbonaten wurde in Abhängigkeit von der Induktionszeit für den Beginn der Ausfällung und der unterschiedlichen Mineralogie von Kalziumkarbonaten untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß Mg2+-Ionen die spontane Ausfällung von Kalziumkarbonat aus einer übersättigten Lösung (z. B. Meerwasser), im Vergleich zu Kalziumkarbonatmineralien derart verzögert, daß nur noch der biogene Entzug für skelettbildendes Kalziumkarbonat aus dem Meerwasser möglich ist. Niedrige Konzentrationen von Magnesiumionen in der Lösung fördern die Kalzitbildung, während Aragonit bei hohen Magnesiumkonzentrationen gebildet wird. Die Mol% MgCO3 in Magnesiumkalzit steigen mit der Zunahme von (Mg2+) und mit der Zunahme von (CO3 2−) bei Gegenwart von (Mg2+) in der Lösung.

Daher würde man erwarten, daß Hochmagnesiumkalzit in erwärmten Küstengebieten gebildet wird, wo hohe Temperaturen, und/oder die Zunahme der Photosyntheseaktivität dazu führen, daß CO2 frei wird, und damit die Übersättigung ansteigen lassen. Niedrigmagnesiumkalzit wird bevorzugt in meteorische-vadosen Gebieten mit niedriger Magnesiumionenkonzentration oder in Versenkungsgebieten gebildet, wo die Respiration und die Oxidation hoch ist, bei sinkender Übersättigung.

Abstract

The effects of the Mg2+ ion concentration and the ionic products of carbonate upon the induction time for the onset of precipitation and the different mineralogies of calcium carbonates were studied. It was shown that Mg2+ ions delay the spontaneous precipitation of calcium carbonate from supersaturated solutions (e.g. seawater) with respect to calcium carbonate mineral to such an extent that only biogenic removal of skeletal calcium carbonate is possible from the open ocean. Low concentrations of magnesium ions in solution favor calcite formation while aragonite is formed at high magnesium concentrations. The mole% of MgCO3 in magnesian calcite increases with the increase of (Mg2+) in solution and with the increase of (CO3 2−) in the presence of (Mg2+) in solution.

Therefore, one would expect that high Mg-calcite is formed in wormed coastal regions, where high temperature and or the increase of photosynthesis activities tend to expel CO2 and increase supersaturation, and low-magnesian calcite is favored in meteoric-vadose environment where low concentration of magnesium ions or in burial environment where respiration and oxidation is high and decrease supersaturation.

Résumé

Une étude a été menée sur l'effet de la concentration en ions Mg2+ et des produits ioniques des carbonates sur le temps d'induction du début de la cristallisation et sur la nature minéralogique du carbonate de calcium formé. On a pû montrer que les ions Mg2+ retardent la précipitation spontanée du carbonate de Ca à partir de solutions sursaturées par rapport aux minéraux de CaCO3 (par exemple l'eau de mer) et ce à un point tel que seule la précipitation biogénique du carbonate de Ca dans les squelettes est possible à partir de l'eau de mer. Les faibles concentrations en ions Mg2+ dans les solutions favorisent la formation de calcite, l'aragonite se formant pour des concentrations plus élevées. Le pourcentage molaire de MgCO3 dans la calcite magnésienne augmente avec la teneur, dans la solution, de Mg2+ et de Co3 2− enprésence de Mg2+.

On présume donc que la calcite riche en Mg se forme dans des milieux côtiers chauds dans lesquels la haute température et/ou la forte activité photosynthétique provoquent la libération de CO2, ce qui augmente la sursaturation. La calcite pauvre en Mg se forme de préférence dans des milieux météoriques vadoses à faible concentration en ions Mg2+ ou dans des milieux d'enfouissement où la respiration et l'oxydation importantes abaissent le degré de sursaturation.

Краткое содержание

Исследовали влияние концентрации ионов Mg2+ на появление их в кар бонатах в зависимост и от времени индукции н ачала выпадания и от различия минераль ного состава карбона тов кальция. Доказано, что ионы магния настольк о задерживают спонтан ное выпадание карбон ата кальция из пересыщен ного раствора, (напр.: морской воды), по сравн ению с другими минера лами карбоната кальция, чт о СаСО3 может извлекаться из морск ой воды только биоген но. Низкие концентрации ионов магния в раство ре усиливают образован ие кальцита, а арагони т образуется только пр и высоких концентрац иях его. В растворах, в кото рых присутствуют ион ы магния, с увеличением их числа и ионов СО3 содержание MgCO3 в маг ниевом кальците возрастает. Поэтому с ледует ожидать, что кальцит с высоким сод ержанием магния обра зуется в прибрежных региона х, где вода тепла и усиление фотосинте за приводит к освобож дению СО2 и возрасстанию пе ренасыщенности. Кальцит с низким соде ржанием магния образ уется гл. обр. в регионах, где часты дожди и концентрация ионов м агния низка, или же в ре гионах осаждения, где при пон ижающейся перенасыщ енности господствует высока я окисляемость и респирация.

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Rushdi, A.I., Pytkowicz, R.M., Suess, E. et al. The effects of magnesium-to-calcium ratios in artificial seawater, at different ionic products, upon the induction time, and the mineralogy of calcium carbonate: a laboratory study. Geol Rundsch 81, 571–578 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01828616

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