Summary
Gm systems provide unique markers for the study of human genetics, especially for the characterization of a population, the study of gene flow, and genetic drift by the presence of a unique haplotype or by marked differences in the frequencies of identical haplotypes. It has been shown that Gm haplotypes commonly present among Mongoloids are Gmag, Gmaxg, Gmab3st, and Gmafb1b3.
The distribution of Gm allotypes has been investigated for the 16 Mongoloid populations from various regions in Asia, North, and South America. A striking aspect of the Gm data from the Mongoloid populations is the presence of a clear geographic cline, especially for the Gmag and Gmafb1b3 haplotypes from Southeast Asia through East Asia into South America. Moreover the Mongoloid populations were divided into two characteristic groups on the basis of the Gm patterns. A geographic cline was also found for the Gmab3st haplotype which is a marker gene of Mongoloids. Discussion was made for the reason why and how such clear geographic cline of the Gm haplotypes has been occurred in the Mongoloid populations.
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Matsumoto, H., Miyazaki, T., Ishida, N. et al. Mongoloid populations from the viewpoints of Gm patterns. Jap J Human Genet 27, 271–282 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01901323
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01901323
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