Skip to main content
Log in

The role of copper-chromium oxide catalysts in the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

  • Published:
Journal of thermal analysis Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The catalytic effects of doped or mixed CuO-Cr2O3 oxides on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) were investigated by using DTA, electrical conductivity and X-ray diffraction techniques. The results obtained revealed that the decrease in the defect electron of CuO catalyst doped with 1 at.% Cr3+ inhibited its activity, while the opposite effect was observed when Cr2O3 was doped with 1 at.% Cu2+. On increase of the concentrations of both oxides, the catalyst containing 70 at.% Cr3+ was found to be the most active during the decomposition of AP. The existence of CuCr2O4 at this ratio was demonstrated by X-ray diffraction. The activity of this spinel was explained on the basis of a hopping mechanism between Cr3+/Cr4+ active sites. Finally, the activation energies of different decomposition stages of AP alone and mixed with catalysts were calculated.

Zusammenfassung

Mittels DTA, Röntgendiffraktion und elektrischer LeitfÄhigkeit wurden die katalytischen Wirkungen von versetzten oder gemischten CuO-Cr2O3 Oxiden auf die thermische Zersetzung von Ammoniumperchlorat (AP) untersucht. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse zeigen, da\ die Abnahme an Defektelektronen von CuO-Katalysator, versetzt mit 1 mol% Cr3+, seine AktivitÄt vermindern, wÄhrend ein entgegengesetzter Effekt bei Cr2O3 beobachtet wird, das mit 1 mol% Cu2+ versetzt ist.

Durch Erhöhung der Konzentrationen beider Oxide zeigt der Katalysator bei der Zersetzung von AP die grö\te AktivitÄt bei einem Cr3+-Gehalt von 70 mol%. Mittels Röntgendiffraktion konnte bei dieser Zusammensetzung die Existenz von CuCr2O4 gezeigt werden. Die AktivitÄt dieser Spinellstruktur wurde durch einen Hüpfmechanismus zwischen Cr3+/Cr4+-aktiven Stellen erklÄrt. Weiterhin wurden die Aktivierungsenergien von verschiedenen Zersetzungsstufen von AP mit und ohne Katalysatoren berechnet.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. P. W. M. Jacobs and H. M. Whitehead, Chem. Rev., 69 (1969) 551.

    Google Scholar 

  2. A. G. Keenan and F. R. Siegmund, Quart. Rev. Chem. Soc., 23 (1969) 430.

    Google Scholar 

  3. F. Solymosi and E. Krix, J. Catal., 1 (1962) 468.

    Google Scholar 

  4. K. Kishore, V. R. Pai Verneker and M. R. Sunitha, J. Appl. Chem. Biotechnol., 27 (1977) 415.

    Google Scholar 

  5. E. S. Freeman, D. A. Anderson and J. J. Campisi, J. Phys. Chem. Ithaca, 64 (1960) 1727.

    Google Scholar 

  6. R. P. Rastogi, G. Singh, B. L. Dubey and C. S. Shukla, J. Catal., 65 (1980) 25.

    Google Scholar 

  7. A. K. Galwey, M. A. Mohamed and D. S. Cromie, React. Solids, 1 (1986) 235.

    Google Scholar 

  8. A. K. Galwey, P. J. Herley and M. A. Mohamed, Thermochim. Acta, 132 (1988) 205.

    Google Scholar 

  9. W. K. Rudloff and E. S. Freeman, J. Phys. Chem., 74 (1970) 3317.

    Google Scholar 

  10. E. S. Freeman and D. A. Anderson, Nature, 206 (1965) 378.

    Google Scholar 

  11. D. A. Anderson and E. S. Freeman, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 27 (1965) 1471.

    Google Scholar 

  12. A. A. Said, E. A. Hassan and K. M. Abd El-Salaam, Surf. Technol., 20 (1983) 131.

    Google Scholar 

  13. E. A. Hassan, A. A. Said and K. M. Abd El-Salaam, Surf. Technol., 21 (1984) 117.

    Google Scholar 

  14. K. M. Abd El-Salaam- and E. Echigoya, Z. Phys. Chem. (NF), 96 (1975) 323.

    Google Scholar 

  15. M Shimokawabe, R. Furuichi and T. Ishii, Thermochim. Acta, 20 (1976) 347.

    Google Scholar 

  16. R. Hubant, M. Daage and J. P. Bonnelle, J. Appl. Catal., 22 (1986) 231.

    Google Scholar 

  17. S. H. Inami and H. Wise, Combust. Flam., 15 (1969) 555.

    Google Scholar 

  18. G. S. Pearson, Combust. Flam., 14 (1970) 73.

    Google Scholar 

  19. S. H. Inami, Y. Rajapakse and R. Shaw, Combust. Flam., 17 (1971) 189.

    Google Scholar 

  20. A. V. Boldyreva, R. B. Mitrophanova, V. V. Boldyrev, V. F. Balakirev, G. I. Chufarov and J. G. Pavluchin, Combustion, Explosion and Shock Waves, 11 (1957) 715.

    Google Scholar 

  21. K. M. Abd El-Salaam and A. A. Said, Surf. Technol., 17 (1982) 199.

    Google Scholar 

  22. X-ray powder data file, American Society for testing materials, J. V. Smith (ed), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1964.

  23. F. A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, IV. ed. Wiley 1980, p. 802.

  24. L. Ya. Margolis, Catal. Rev., 8 (1973) 241.

    Google Scholar 

  25. K. Hauffe and H. Grunewald, Z. Physik Chem. (Leipzig), 198 (1951) 248.

    Google Scholar 

  26. R. B. Fahim, R. M. Gabr, M. I. Zaki and S. A. A. Mansour, J. Colloid Inter. Sci., 18 (1981) 468.

    Google Scholar 

  27. E. A. Hassan, A. A. Said and K. M. Abd El-Salaam, Thermochim. Acta, 91 (1985) 9.

    Google Scholar 

  28. R. B. Fahim, R. M. Gabr and I. M. Zaki, Indian J. Chem., 19A (1980) 829.

    Google Scholar 

  29. J. R. Monnier, M. J. Hanrahan and G. Apai, J. Catal., 29 (1985) 119.

    Google Scholar 

  30. P. Patanaik, D. Y. Rao and P. Ganguli, Thermochim. Acta, 68 (1983) 17.

    Google Scholar 

  31. N. Padamanaban, B. N. Avasthi and J. Ghose, J. Solid State Chem., 81 (1989) 250.

    Google Scholar 

  32. J. D. Dunitz and L. E. Orgel, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 3 (1957) 318.

    Google Scholar 

  33. L. L. Bircumshaw and T. R. Philips, J. Chem. Soc., (1957) 4741.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Said, A.A. The role of copper-chromium oxide catalysts in the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. Journal of Thermal Analysis 37, 959–967 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01932794

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01932794

Keywords

Navigation