Abstract
Enrichment cultures were prepared with different media for phototrophic bacteria from four species of marine sponges, collected from oxic coastal waters near Split (Yugoslavia). We obtained pure cultures of six strains ofChromatiaceae and two strains ofRhodospirillaceae by agar shake dilution. TheRhodospirillaceae were identified asRhodopseudomonas sulfidophila and a marine form ofRhodopseudomonas palustris. TheChromatiaceae were identified asChromatium vinosum, Chromatium gracile, Chromatium minutissimum. Ectothiorhodospira mobilis, and a Chromatium species, which in some respects resemblesChromatium minus. The occurrence of strictly anaerobic phototrophic bacteria in aerobic sponges is discussed with respect to nutrition and possible syntrophism.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baas Becking, L. G. M., and Wood, E. J. F. 1955. Biological processes in the estuarine environment. I–II. Ecology of the sulfur cycle.Proc. Koninkl. Ned. Akad. Wetenschap., Sect. B 58: 160–181.
Baas Becking, L. G. M., Wood, E. J. F., and Kaplan, J. R. 1957. Biological processes in the estuarine environment. X. The place of the estuarine environment within the aqueous milieu.Proc. Koninkl. Ned. Akad. Wetenschap., Sect. B 60: 88–102.
Biebl, H., and Drews, G. 1969. Das in-vivo-Spektrum als taxonomisches Merkmal bei Untersuchungen zur Verbreitung von Athiorhodaceae.Zbl. Bakt., II Abt. 123: 425–452.
Burkholder, P. R., and Rützler, K. 1969. Antimicrobial activity of some marine sponges.Nature 222: 983.
Cooper, L. H. N. 1937. Oxidation-reduction potential of sea water.J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 22: 167–176.
Cviić, V. 1955. Red water in the lake “Malo Jezero” (Island of Mljet).Acta Adriatica 6: 1–15.
Cviić, V. 1960. Apparition d' “eau rouge” dans le Veliko Jezero (Ĩle de Mljet).Rappt. Proces-Verbaux Reunions, Comm. Intern. Exploration Sci. Mediterranee 15: 79–81.
Dosse, G. 1939. Bakterien und Pilzbefunde sowie pathologische und Fäulnisvorgänge in Meeres- und Süsswasserschwämmen. Zeitschr. für Parasitenk.11: 331–356.
Duboseq, O., and Tuzet, O. 1942. Recherches complémentaires sur l'ovogenèse la fécondation et les premiers stades du developpement chez les Eponges Calcaires.Arch. Zool. Exp. Gén. 81: 395–466.
Eimhjellen, K. E. 1967. Photosynthetic bacteria and carotenoides from a sea sponge Halichondrium panicea.Acta Chem. Scand. 21: 2280–2281.
Fenchel, T. 1969. The ecology of marine microbenthos. IV. Structure and function of the benthic ecosystem, its chemical and physical factors and the microfauna communities with special reference to the ciliated protozoa.Ophelia 6: 1–182.
Genovese, S. 1963. The distribution of the H2S in the lake of Faro (Messina) with particular regard to the presence of the “red water.” In: Symposium on Marine Microbiology. C. H. Oppenheimer, editor, pp. 194–204. Thomas, Springfield, Ill.
Hansen, T. A., and Veldkamp, H. 1973. Rhodopseudomonas sulfidophila, nov. spec., a new species of the purple Nonsulfur bacteria.Arch. Microbiol. 92: 45–58.
Jakowska, S., and Nigrelli, R. F. 1960. Antimicrobial substances from sponges.Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 90: 913–916.
Levi, C., and Porte, A. 1962. Etude au microscope életronique do l'éponge Oscarella lobularis (Schmidt) et de sa larve amphiblastula.Cahiers de Biologie Marine, Tome III: 307–315.
Pfennig, N. 1961. Eine vollsynthetische Nährlösung zur selektiven Anreicherung einiger Schwefelpurpurbakterien.Naturwissenschaften 48: 136.
Pfennig, N. 1965. Anreicherungskulturen für rote und grüne Schwefelbakterien.Zentbl. Bakt. Parasitenk. Abt. 1 Suppl. 1: 179–189, 503–505.
Pfennig, N., and Trüper, H. G. 1974. The phototrophic bacteria. In: Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. R. E. Buchanan and N. E. Gibbons, editors. 8th Ed, pp. 24–64. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, Md.
Rasmont, R. 1968. Nutrition and Digestion of Sponges. In: Chemical Zoology. Vol. 2, pp. 43–51. Academic Press, New York and London.
Richards, F. A., Cline, J. D., Broenkow, W. W., and Atkinson, L. P. 1965. Some consequences of the decomposition of organic matter in Lake Nitinat, an anoxic fjord.Limnol. Oceanogr. 10 (suppl.): 185–201.
Sara, M. 1971. Ultrastructural aspects of the symbiosis between two species of the genus Aphanocapsa (Cyanophyceae) and Ircinia variabilis (Demospongiae).Marine Biol. 11: 214–221.
Sara, M. 1963. Porifera. In: Fauna and Flora der Adria. R. Riedl, editor, pp. 105–123. P. Parey, Hamburg und Berlin
Schulz, E. 1936. Das Farbstreifensandwatt und seine Fauna.Kieler Meeresforsch. 1.
Schulz, E., and Meyer, H. 1939. Weitere Untersuchungen über das Farbstreifensandwatt.Kieler Meeresforsch. 3: 321–336.
Suckow, R. 1966. Schwefelmikrobengesellschaften der See- und Boddengewässer von Hiddensee.Z. allg. Mikrobiol. 6: 309–315.
Taga, N. 1967. Microbial coloring of sea water in tidal pool with special reference to massive development of photosynthetic bacteria.Inf. Bull. Planktol. Japan (Commem. No. Dr. Y. Matsue) 219–229.
Trüper, H. G. 1970. Culture and isolation of photosynthetic sulfur bacteria from the marine environment.Helgol. wiss. Meeresunters. 20: 6–16.
Trüper, H. G., and Genovese, S. 1968. Characterization of photosynthetic bacteria causing “red water” in Lake Faro (Messina, Sicily).Limnol. Oceanogr. 13: 225–232.
Warming, E. 1875. Om nogle ved Danmarks kyster levende bakterier. Vidensk. Meddr dansk naturh. Foren.20: 307–420.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Imhoff, J.F., Trüper, H.G. Marine sponges as habitats of anaerobic phototrophic bacteria. Microb Ecol 3, 1–9 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02011449
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02011449