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Breezes along the Tanzanian east coast

Brisen an der Ostküste Tansaniens

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Summary

At the Tanzanian east coast the prevailing winds of the general circulation exhibit seasonal changes in direction in a kind of monsoonal system. The sea and land breezes, which are limited here to diurnal modifications of the general winds, therefore also vary with the seasons. During the northeast monsoon a sea breeze trend prevails most of the time, while in the southeast monsoon season the main trend is from the land. Only during the intermediate periods between the monsoons a diurnal reversal of sea and land breezes develops regularly.

The effects of these winds, especially the sea breeze, on the physiological temperature conditions near the coast are of considerable importance. A decrease of the physiological temperature is produced by the advection of cool air, and a further reduction of thermal stress is provided by the improved air ventilation related to the higher wind velocities of the breezes.

Since all impressions of physiological temperature are subjective, it is difficult to express these influences quantitatively. However, estimates indicate that the old adage that “the winter in the tropics occurs at night” is no longer valid at the Tanzanian coast when the physiological temperature is considered, because the seasonal differences are larger than the diurnal variations.

Zusammenfassung

An der Ostküste Tansanians zeigen die vorherrschenden Winde der allgemeinen Zirkulation einen jahreszeitlichen Richtungswechsel in einer Art von Monsunsystem. Die Brisen, die hier nur als tageszeitliche Abänderungen der Monsune auftreten, zeigen daher ähnliche jahreszeitliche Unterschiede. Während des Nordostmonsuns herrscht meistens eine Seebrise vor, in der Periode des Südostmonsuns dagegen eine Landbrise. Nur in den beiden Übergangszeiten zwischen den Monsunen wechseln See- und Landbrise in einem tageszeitlichen Rhythmus.

Die Auswirkungen dieser Winde, speziell der Seebrise, auf die physiologischen Temperaturverhältnisse an der Küste sind von großer Bedeutung. Eine gewisse Kühlung wird durch die Advektion maritimer Luftmassen verursacht. Eine weitere Linderung der Hitze bringt die verbesserte Ventilation durch die höheren Windgeschwindigkeiten der Brisen.

Da alle Empfindungen der physiologischen Temperatur naturgemäß subjektiv sind, können diese Einflüsse der Brisen schwer in Zahlen ausgedrückt werden. Schätzungen ergeben jedoch, daß die jahreszeitlichen Unterschiede der physiologischen Temperatur größer sind wie die tageszeitlichen. Damit wird die bekannte Aussage von Humboldts, daß der Winter der Tropen während der Nacht käme, an der Ostküste Tanzaniens nicht bestätigt.

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Nieuwolt, S. Breezes along the Tanzanian east coast. Arch. Met. Geoph. Biokl. B. 21, 189–206 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02243727

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