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Paleomagnetism of lower cretaceous Lavas on Jamaica

Paläomagnetische Untersuchung an Lavaströmen der Unterkreide auf Jamaika

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Summary

A small Lower Cretaceous igneous province on Jamaica has been assigned an Albian or Aptian age on the basis of the fauna of associated sediments. Despite pronounced tropical weathering, it was possible to find three reasonably fresh lava exposures, paleomagnetic investigations of which suggest that during the Lower Cretaceous period the southern polarity geomagnetic pole, as viewed from Jamaica, was situated in the present day northeast Pacific. An interpretation of this result in terms of plate tectonics yields a movement of the Caribbean tectonic plate over a distance of 1000 km to the northeast since Lower Cretaceous. This result is in good agreement with similar deductions made from previously investigated Upper Cretaceous rocks on Jamaica. It suggests also that no appreciable movement of the Caribbean plate or polar wonder had occurred during the Cretaceous age. One of the three lava units reveals an equatorial direction of magnetization also found previously in Upper Cretaceous rocks of the island. This direction could have been caused by a non axial dipole configuration during a reversal of the geomagnetic field. This interpretation is supported by other evidence of a field reversal at the close of Aptian and beginning of Albian.

Zusammenfassung

Auf Jamaika wurden Vulkanite aus der Unterkreide paläomagnetisch untersucht, die gemäß der Fauna der zugehörigen Sedimente in die albische oder aptische Zeit eingeordnet werden können. Trotz großer Schwierigkeiten mit tropischer Verwitterung, Geländeform und Vegetation konnten Bohrkerne von drei verschiedenen Lavaeinheiten gewonnen werden. Unter Anwendung der üblichen Labormethoden wurde daraus die Paläomagnetfeldrichtung in der Unterkreide bestimmt.

Das Ergebnis kann nach der Theorie der Plattentektonik, so gedeutet werden, daß sich Jamaika mit der gesamten karibischen Platte seit der Kreidezeit um 1000 km nach Nordosten bewegt hat. Ähnliche Resultate wurden bereits früher für die Oberkreide ebenfalls durch eine Untersuchung auf Jamaika gewonnen, welche somit durch die hier vorgelegten, Datenangaben bestätigt wird.

Eine Lavaeinheit ergab eine außergewöhnliche Pollage in äquatorialen Breiten. Derartige Pollagen wurden ebenfalls früher auf Jamaika bei vulkanischen Gesteinen der Oberkreide beobachtet und sind auch bei anderen paläomagnetischen Untersuchungen manchmal festgestellt worden. Das Phänomen wird als „Momentaufnahme” einer geomagnetischen Feldumkehr gedeutet, bei der die Umpolung offensichtlich unter Beibehaltung des Dipolcharakters als eine Art „Umklapp”-Vorgang erfolgt. Für diese Interpretation spricht, daß gerade am Übergang vom Alb zum Apt eine der seltenen Feldumkehrungen der Kreidezeit beobachtet wurde.

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Steinhauser, P., Vincenz, S.A. Paleomagnetism of lower cretaceous Lavas on Jamaica. Arch. Met. Geoph. Biokl. A. 22, 325–336 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02247551

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