Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The evolution of capillary columns for liquid chromatography

  • Review Paper
  • Published:
Chromatographia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The most recent interest in liquid chromatography (LC) is the trend of column miniaturization, i.e., in reducing the diameter of the columns. Capillary columns used in LC can be classified into three types, based on the flow resistance factor ϕ defined by Knox as

$$\phi = d^2 /K_0 = \Delta Pd^2 /\eta \mu L$$

where d is a characteristic dimension of the column (the internal diameter of the tube of the mean particle diameter of the packing), Ko is the specific column permeability, ΔP is the pressure drop along the column, η is the viscosity and μ the linear velocity of the mobile phase, and L is the column length.

The first type of LC capillary columns have a ϕ value of about 30. These are theopen-tubular columns, with a retentive film or layer on the inside wall of the column tubing the diameter of which should be as small as possible.

The second type of LC capillary columns (ϕ≃100) is made by losely packing a glass tube which is then drawn to smaller diameter. During the drawing process the particles will be partially inbedded into the tube wall.

Finally the third type of LC capillary columns (ϕ≃500–1000) are made by slurry-packing 0.2–0.5 mm ID fusedsilica capillary tubes under high pressure. These columns are well packed.

In the paper various aspects of these columns are reviewed and their relative performance discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M. J. E. Golay, inD. H. Desty (editor), “Gas Chromatography 1958 (Amsterdam Symposium)”, Butterworths, London, 1958; pp. 36–68.

    Google Scholar 

  2. C. G. Horváth, B. A. Preiss, S. R. Lipsky, Anal. Chem.39, 1422 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  3. M. Novotny andD. Ishii (editors), “Microcolumn Separations”, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1985; pp. 19–34.

    Google Scholar 

  4. D. Ishii, T. Tsuda, T. Takeuchi, J. Chromatogr.185, 73 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  5. K. Hibi, D. Ishii, I. Fujshima, T. Takeuchi, N. Nakanishi, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr./Chromatogr. Commun.1, 21 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  6. K. Hibi, T. Tsuda, T. Takeuchi, T. Nakanishi andD. Ishii, J. Chromatogr.175, 105 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  7. T. Tsuda, M. Novotny, Anal. Chem.50, 271 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Y. Hirata, M. Novotny, T. Tsuda, D. Ishii, Anal. Chem.51, 1807 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Y. Hirata, M. Novotny. J. Chromatogr.186, 521 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  10. T. Tsuda, I. Tanaka, G. Nakagansa, Anal. Chem.56, 1249 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  11. D. Ishii, JASCO Report, 11 (6), 1 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  12. D. Ishii, JASCO Appl. Note.9, 9 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  13. D. Ishii, Bunseki, 1444 (1977).

  14. D. Ishii, Bunseki, 92 (1980).

  15. R. P. W. Scott, P. Kucera, J. Chromatogr.125, 251 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  16. R. P. W. Scott, P. Kucera, J. Chromatogr.185, 27 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  17. J. H. Knox, J. Chromatogr. Sci.18, 453 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  18. K. Jinno, C. Fujimoto, J. Liq. Chromatogr.7, 2059 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Y. Hirata, K. Jinno, inM. Novotny andD. Ishii (editors), “Microcolumn Separations”, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1985; pp. 45–54.

    Google Scholar 

  20. T. Takeuchi, D. Ishii, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr./Chromatogr. Commun.6, 310 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  21. J. W. Jorgenson, E. J. Guthrie, J. Chromatogr.265, 335 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  22. T. Takeuchi, Ph.D. Thesis, Nagoya University (1985).

  23. T. Tsuda, G. Nakagawa, J. Chromatogr199, 249 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  24. J. C. Gruckman, M. Novotny, inM. Novotny andD. Ishii (editors), “Microcolumn Separations”, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1985: pp. 57–72.

    Google Scholar 

  25. R. P. W. Scott (editor), “Small Bore Liquid Chromatography Columns: their Properties and Uses.” John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  26. P. Kucera (editor), “Microcolumn High-Performance Liquid Chromatography”, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  27. M. Novotyn, D. Ishii (editors), “Microcolumn Separations”, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  28. D. Ishii (editor), “Introduction to Microscale High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, VCH Publishers, New York, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  29. T. Takeuchi, D. Ishii, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr./Chromatogr. Commun.4, 469 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  30. F. J. Yang, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr./Chromatogr. Commun.4, 83 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  31. F. J. Yang, J. Chromatogr.236, 265 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  32. W. D. Pfeffer, E. S. Yeung, Anal. Chem.58, 2103 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  33. S. Folestad, L. Johnson, B. Josefsson, B. Galle, Anal. Chem.54, 925 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  34. A. Manz, W. Simon, Anal. Chem.59, 74 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  35. J. S. M. deWit, C. E. Panker, K. B. Tomer, J. W. Jorgenson, Anal. Chem.59, 2400 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  36. C. Fujimoto, T. Morita, K. Jinno, J. Chromatogr.,438, 329 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  37. C. Fujimoto, T. Morita, K. Jinno, K. H. Shafer, inP. Sandra (editor), “Ninth International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography (Monterey, CA, USA, May 16–19, 1988)”, Huethig, Heidelberg, 1988; pp. 419–426.

    Google Scholar 

  38. K. Jinno, C. Fujimoto, Y. Hirata, Appl. Spectrosc.36, 313 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  39. K. Jinno, C. Fujimoto, D. Ishii, J. Chromatogr.239, 625 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  40. C. Fujimoto, K. Jinno, Y. Hirata, J. Chromatogr.258, 81 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  41. C. Fujimoto, T. Morita, K. Jinno, S. Ochiai, Chromatographia23, 512 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  42. K. H. Shafer, J. A. Herman, H. Bui, Amer. Lab.20(2), 142 (February 1988).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, 440, Toyohashi, Japan

    K. Jinno

Authors
  1. K. Jinno
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Jinno, K. The evolution of capillary columns for liquid chromatography. Chromatographia 25, 1004–1011 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02259420

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02259420

Key Words

Search

Navigation