Abstract
Continuous wave (cw) microwave irradiation at 960 MHz has caused bradycardia in isolated, perfused rat hearts maintained at 20°C. The observed bradycardia occurred at microwave dose rates that should have caused mild tachycardia in the heart based on the thermogenic properties of the irradiation. The observed bradycardia, moreover, exhibited neurologic features because atropinized hearts showed strong tachycardia during irradiation and hearts treated with propranolol showed significantly stronger bradycardia during irradiation than that seen without drugs. Use of the liquid-crystal optical-fiber (LCOF) temperature probe has shown, by calorimetric methods, that the microwave-induced bradycardia occurred at dose rates of 1.3 and 2.1 mW/g. We hypothesize that microwave energy interacts with the remaining portion of the autonomic nervous system within the heart to produce the observed chronotropic effects.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baranski, S., and Edelwejn, Z. Pharmacologic analysis of microwave effects on the central nervous system in experimental animals. InBiologic Effects and Health Hazards of Microwave Radiation: Proceedings of an International Symposium. Warsaw: Polish Medical Publishers, 1974.
Carpenter, R. L., Biddle, D. K., and Van Ummersen, C. A. Opacities in the lens of the eye experimentally induced by exposure to microwave radiation.IRE Transactions on Medical Electronics 1960,ME-17, 152–157.
Carpenter, R. L., and Livstone, E. L. Evidence of nonthermal effects of microwave radiation: abnormal development of irradiated insect pupae.IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 1971,MTT-19, 173–178.
von Euler, U. S., and Lishajko, F. Catecholamine release and uptake in the isolated adrenegic nerve granule.Acta Physiology Scandinavia 1963,57, 468–480.
Frey, A. H. Biological function as influenced by low-power modulated rf energy.IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 1971,MTT-19, 153–164.
Johnson, C. C., and Guy, A. W. Nonionizing electromagnetic wave effects in biological materials and systems.Proceedings of the IEEE 1972,60, 692–718.
Johnson, C. C., Durney, C. H., Lords, J. L., Rozzell, T. C., and Livingston, G. K. Fiberoptic liquid crystal probe for absorbed radio-frequency power and temperature measurement in tissue during irradiation. InBiologic Effects of Nonionizing radiation: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. New York: The New York Academy of Sciences, 1975.
Lindauer, G. A., Liu, L. M., Skewes, G. W., and Rosenbaum, F. J. Further experiments seeking evidence of nonthermal biological effects of microwave radiation.IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 1974,MTT-22, 790–793.
Lords, J. L., Durney, C. H., Borg, A. M., and Tinney, C. E. Rate effects in isolated hearts induced by microwave irradiation.IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 1973,MTT-21, 834–836.
Lovely, R. H., and Guy, A. W. Conditioned taste aversions in the rat induced by a single exposure to microwaves. InProceedings of Microwave Power Symposium 1975. Edmonton: International Microwave Power Institute, 1975.
Mayers, C. P., and Habershaw, J. A. Depression of phagocytosis: a nonthermal effect of microwave radiation as a potential hazard to health.International Journal of Radiation Biology 1973,24, 449–461.
McRee, D. I. Biological effects of microwave radiation.Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association 1974,24, 117–122.
Michaelson, S. M. The tri-service program—a tribute to George M. Knauf, USAF (MC).IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 1971,MTT-19, 131–146.
Nash, C. W., Taylor, G. S., and Drovin, T. E. The influence of cations on spontaneous and chemically induced efflux of noradrenaline from perfused rat hearts.Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 1972,50, 490–497.
Nelson, S. R. Effects of microwave irradiation on enzymes and metabolites in mouse brain.Radiation Research 1973,55, 153–159.
Öbrink, K. J., and Essex, H. E. Chronotropic effects of vagal stimulation and acetylcholine on certain mammalian hearts with special reference to the mechanism of vagal escape.American Journal of Physiology 1953,174, 321–330.
Rozzell, T. C., Johnson, C. C., Durney, C. H., Lords, J. L., and Olsen, R. G. A nonperturbing temperature sensor for measurements in electromagnetic fields.Journal of Microwave Power 1974,9, 241–249.
Schwan, H. P., and Sher, L. D. Alternating-current field-induced forces and their biological implications.Journal of the Electrochemical Society 1969,116, 170–174.
Schwan, H. P. Interaction of microwave and radio frequency and biological systems.IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 1971,MTT-19, 146–152.
Snyder, C. D. The influence of temperature upon the rate of heart beat in the light of the law for chemical reaction velocity—II.American Journal of Physiology 1906,17, 350–361.
Tinney, C. E., Lords, J. L., and Durney, C. H. Rate effects in isolated turtle hearts induced by microwave irradiation.IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 1976,MTT-24, 18–24.
Tyler, P. E. Overview of electromagnetic radiation research: past, present, and future. InBiologic Effects of Nonionizing Radiation: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. New York: The New York Academy of Sciences, 1975.
Warner, H., and Cox, A. A mathematical model of heart rate control by sympathetic and vagus efferent information.Journal of Applied Physiology 1960,17 349–355.
Young, W. Temperature and vagal effects.American Journal of Physiology 1959,196, 824–826.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Olsen, R.G., Lords, J.L. & Durney, C.H. Microwave-induced chronotropic effects in the isolated rat heart. Ann Biomed Eng 5, 395–409 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02367318
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02367318