Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) ceramics

  • Review
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the previous decade, a considerable amount of work has been done on the alumina-zirconia ceramic composite system with a particular emphasis on improving the mechanical properties utilizing the recognized toughening mechanisms. Zirconia-toughened aluminas (ZTA) can be regarded as a new generation of toughened ceramics; for example, a toughness of >12 MPa m0.5 has been obtained, compared with 3 MPa m0.5 for commercial alumina ceramics. The fracture strength of ZTA is also greatly in excess of that for alumina. The mechanical properties of ZTA are critically dependent on their microstructures, which can be designed in terms of specific applications and controlled by means of powder preparation and densification processes. This review also includes details of the possible future development of ZTA; these are expected to involve the development and measurement of the mechanical properties for high-temperature engineering applications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. H. P. CAHOON and C. J. CRISTENSEN,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 39 (1956) 337.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. N. CLAUSSEN, —ibid.59 (1976) 49.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. N. CLAUSSEN and J. JAHN,Ber. Dtsch. Keram. Ges. 55 (1978) 487.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. R. C. GARIVE, R. H. J. HANNINK and R. T. PASCOE,Nature (London) 258 (1975) 703.

    Google Scholar 

  5. F. F. LANGE,J. Mater. Sci. 17 (1982) 225.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. N. CLAUSSEN, J. STEEB and R. F. PABST,Amer. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 55 (1977) 559.

    Google Scholar 

  7. “Phase Diagrams for Ceramists”, No 4377-4388 (The American Ceramics Society, Columbus, Ohio, 1975).

  8. R. M. McMEEKING and A. G. EVANS,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 65 (1982) 242.

    Google Scholar 

  9. A. G. EVANS and R. M. CANNON,Acta Metall. 34 (1986) 761.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. N. CLAUSSEN and M. RUHLE in “Advances in Ceramics”, Vol. 3, “Science and Technology of Zirconia I”, edited by A. H. Heuer and W. L. Hobbs (The American Ceramics Society, Columbus, Ohio, 1981) p. 137.

    Google Scholar 

  11. A. G. EVANS (ed.) “Fracture in Ceramic Materials” (Noyes, New Jersey, 1984) p. 16.

    Google Scholar 

  12. J. C. LAMBROPOULOS,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 69 (1986) 218.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. M. RUHLE, B. KRAUS, A. STRECKER and D. WAIDELICH, in “Advances in Ceramics”, Vol. 12, “Science and Technology of Zirconia II”, edited by N. Claussen, M. Ruhle and A. H. Heuer (The American Ceramics Society, Columbus, Ohio, 1984) p. 256.

    Google Scholar 

  14. A. G. EVANS, D. B. MARSHELL and N. H. BURLINGAME, in “Advances in Ceramics”, Vol. 3, “Science and Technology of Zirconia I”, edited by A. H. Heuer and L. W. Hobbs, (The American Ceramics Society, Columbus, Ohio, 1981) p. 202.

    Google Scholar 

  15. A. G. EVANS, in “Advances in Ceramics”, Vol. 12, “Science and Technology of Zirconia II”, edited by N. Claussen, M. Ruhle and A. H. Heuer (The American Ceramics Society, Columbus, Ohio, 1984) p. 193.

    Google Scholar 

  16. D. B. MARSHELL, A. G. EVANS and M. DRORY, in “Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics”, Vol. 6, edited by R. C. Bradt, A. G. Evans, D. P. H. Hasselman and F. F. Lange (Plenum, New York, London, 1983) p. 289.

    Google Scholar 

  17. H. RUH and A. G. EVANS,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 66 (1983) 328.

    Google Scholar 

  18. A. G. EVANS and A. H. HEUER, —ibid.63 (1980) 241.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. S. J. BURNS and J. R. MICHENER, in “Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics”, Vol. 6, edited by R. C. Bradt, A. G. Evans, D. P. H. Hasselman and F. F. Lange (Plenum, New York, London, 1983) p. 275.

    Google Scholar 

  20. L. A. ANDERSSON and T. K. GUPTA, in “Advances of Ceramics”, Vol. 3, “Science and Technology of Zirconia”, edited by A. H. Heuer and L. W. Hobbs (The American Ceramics Society, Columbus, Ohio, 1981) p. 184.

    Google Scholar 

  21. W. POMPE and W. KREHER, in “Advances in Ceramics”, Vol. 12, “Science and Technology of Zirconia II”, edited by N. Claussen, M. Ruhle and A. H. Heuer (The American Ceramics Society, Columbus, Ohio, 1984) p. 283.

    Google Scholar 

  22. A. G. EVANS, N. BURLINGAME, D. DRORY and W. M. KRIVEN,Acta Metall. 29 (1981) 447.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. D. BROEK, “Elementary Engineering Fracture Mechanics”, 3rd Edn (Martinus Nijhoff, Boston, Massachusetts, 1982).

    Google Scholar 

  24. L. R. F. ROSE and M. V. SWAIN,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 69 (1986) 203.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. D. R. CLARKE and F. ADAR, —ibid.65 (1982) 284.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. R. W. RICE, S. W. FREIMAN and P. F. BECHER, —ibid.64 (1981) 345.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. R. W. RICE and S. W. FREIMAN, —ibid.64 (1981) 350.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. F. F. LANGE, in “Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics”, Vol. 6, edited by R. C. Bradt, A. G. Evans, D. P. H. Hasselman and F. F. Lange (Plenum, New York, London, 1983) p. 255.

    Google Scholar 

  29. R. C. GARVIE and M. V. SWAIN,J. Mater. Sci. 20 (1985) 1193.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. R. C. GARVIE, —ibid.20 (1985) 3479.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. A. G. EVANS and Y. FU, in “Fracture in Ceramics Materials”, edited by A. G. Evans (Noyes, New Jersey, 1984) p. 560.

    Google Scholar 

  32. A. G. EVANS and K. T. FABER,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 64 (1981) 394.

    Google Scholar 

  33. K. T. FABER, in “Advances in Ceramics”, Vol. 12, “Science and Technology of Zirconia II”, edited by N. Claussen, M. Ruhle and A. H. Heuer (The American Ceramics Society, Columbus, Ohio, 1984) p. 293.

    Google Scholar 

  34. A. G. EVANS and Y. FU,Acta Metall. 33 (1985) 1525.

    Google Scholar 

  35. A. G. EVANS and K. T. FABER,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 67 (1984) 255.

    Google Scholar 

  36. L. R. F. ROSE, —ibid.69 (1986) 212.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Y. M. ITO and R. B. NELSON, in “Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics”, Vol. 5, edited by R. C. Bradt, A. G. Evans, D. P. H. Hasselman and F. F. Lange (Plenum, New York, London, 1983) 479.

    Google Scholar 

  38. F. E. BURESCH, in “Advances in Ceramics”, Vol. 12, “Science and Technology of Zirconia II”, edited by N. Claussen, M. Ruhle and A. H. Heuer (The American Ceramics Society, Columbus, Ohio, 1984) p. 306.

    Google Scholar 

  39. D. J. GREEN, in “Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics”, Vol. 5, edited by R. C. Bradt, A. G. Evans, D. P. H. Hasselman and F. F. Lange (Plenum, New York, London, 1983) p. 457.

    Google Scholar 

  40. A. J. GESING and R. C. BRADT, —ibid.,, p. 569.

    Google Scholar 

  41. A. G. EVANS and K. T. FABER, in “Fracture in Ceramics Materials”, edited by A. G. Evans (Noyes, New Jersey, 1984) p. 109.

    Google Scholar 

  42. J. WANG and R. STEVENS, in “Proceedings of the British Ceramic Society”, Vol. 39, edited by R. Freer, S. Newsam and G. Syers (British Ceramics Society, Stoke-on-Trent, 1987).

    Google Scholar 

  43. A. H. HEUER, F. F. LANGE, M. V. SWAIN and A. G. EVANS,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 69 (1986) i.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. D. B. MARSHALL, —ibid.69 (1986) 173.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. M. RUHLE, N. CLAUSSEN and A. H. HEUER, —ibid.69 (1986) 195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. S. HORI, M. YOSHIMURA and S. SOMIYA, —ibid.69 (1986) 169.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. K. T. FABER and A. G. EVANS,Acta Metall. 31 (1983) 565.

    Google Scholar 

  48. T. W. COYLE and R. M. CANNON,Amer. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 60 (1981) 377.

    Google Scholar 

  49. R. RICE,Ceram. Engng Sci. Proc. 6 (1985) 589.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. D. B. MARSHALL and R. JAMES,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 69 (1986) 215.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. N. CLAUSSEN and D. P. H. HASSELMAN, in “Thermal Stresses in Severe Environment”, edited by D. P. H. Hasselman and A. Heller (Plenum, New York, 1980) p. 381.

    Google Scholar 

  52. D. J. GREEN, F. F. LANGE and M. R. JAMES, in “Advances in Ceramics”, Vol. 12, “Science and Technology of Zirconia II”, edited by N. Claussen, R. Ruhle and A. H. Heuer (The American Ceramics Society, Columbus, Ohio, 1984) p. 240.

    Google Scholar 

  53. F. F. LANGE,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 63 (1980) 38.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. D. J. GREEN and B. R. MALONEY, —ibid.69 (1986) 223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. N. CLAUSSEN,Z. Werkstofft. 31 (1982) 113.

    Google Scholar 

  56. D. J. GREEN, F. F. LANGE and M. R. JAMES,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 66 (1983) 623.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. A. G. EVANS,Philos. Mag. 26 (1972) 1327.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. J. WANG, PhD Thesis, Department of Ceramics, University of Leeds (1986).

  59. N. CLAUSSEN,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 61 (1978) 85.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. N. CLAUSSEN, R. L. COX and J. S. WALLACE,ibid. 65 (1982) C-190.

    Google Scholar 

  61. D. J. GREEN, —ibid.65 (1982) 610.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. F. F. LANGE, in “Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics”, Vol. 1, edited by R. C. Bradt, D. P. H. Hasselman and F. F. Lange (Plenum, New York, 1978) p. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  63. T. NOMA and A. SAMAOKA,J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 3 (1983) 533.

    Google Scholar 

  64. G. D. BOWLING, K. T. FABER and R. G. HOAGLAND,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 70 (1987) 849.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. P. F. BECHER, —ibid.64 (1982) 37.

    Google Scholar 

  66. A. G. EVANS and W. BLUMENTHAL, in “Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics”, Vol. 6, edited by R. C. Bradt, A. G. Evans, D. P. H. Hasselman and F. F. Lange (Plenum, New York, London, 1984) p. 423.

    Google Scholar 

  67. F. F. LANGE, R. I. DAVIS and D. R. CLARKE,J. Mater. Sci. 15 (1980) 601.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. D. GREVE, N. CLAUSSEN, D. P. H. HASSELMAN and G. E. YOUNGBLOOD,Amer. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 56 (1977) 514.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. L. BENTSEN, G. E. YOUNGBLOOD and N. CLAUSSEN,Amer. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 58 (1979) 342.

    Google Scholar 

  70. D. P. H. HASSELMAN, R. SYED and T. Y. TIEN,J. Mater. Sci. 20 (1985) 2549.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. D. L. PORTER and A. H. HEUER,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 60 (1977) 183.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. D. L. PORTER, A. G. EVANS and A. H. HEUER,Acta Metall. 27 (1979) 1649.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. P. F. BECHER,Acta Metall. 34 (1986) 1885.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. F. F. LANGE,ICM,3, Vol. 3 (Cambridge, 1979) 45.

    Google Scholar 

  75. A. H. HEUER, N. CLAUSSEN and W. M. KRIVEN,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 65 (1982) 642.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. I. W. CHEN and Y. H. CHIAO,Acta Metall. 33 (1985) 1847.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. I. W. CHEN, Y. H. CHIAO and K. T. SUZAKI, —ibid.33 (1985) 1847.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. A. A. GRIFFITH,Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London A221 (1921) 163.

    Google Scholar 

  79. M. RUHLE, A. G. EVANS, R. M. McMEEKING, P. G. CHARALAMBIDES and J. W. HUTCHINSE,Acta Metall. 35 (1987) 2701.

    Google Scholar 

  80. P. F. BECHER,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 66 (1983) 485.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. LI-SHING LI, H. OLAPINSKI and R. F. PABST, in “Science of Ceramics 10”, edited by H. Hausner (Deutsche Keramische Gesellschaft, 1980) p. 569.

  82. R. F. PABST, I. BOGNAR and N. CLAUSSEN,ibid. p. 603.

  83. G. ORANGE, G. FANTOZZI, R. TRABELSI, P. HOMERIN, F. THEVENOT, A. LERICHE and F. CAMBIER in “Science of Ceramics 14”, edited by D. Taylor, R. Davidge, R. Freer, and D. T. Livery (Institute of Ceramics, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffs, 1988) p. 721.

    Google Scholar 

  84. K. TSUKUMA, K. UEDA and M. SHIMADA,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 68 (1985) C-4.

    Google Scholar 

  85. K. TSUKUMA, K. UEDA, K. MATSUSHITA and M. SHIMADA,ibid. 68 (1985) C-56.

  86. K. TSUKUMA and M. SHIMADA,J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 4 (1985) C-857.

    Google Scholar 

  87. P. A. EVANS, PhD thesis, Department of Ceramics, University of Leeds (1984).

  88. R. STEVENS and P. A. EVANS,Br. Ceram. Trans. J. 83 (1984) 28.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. J. WANG and R. STEVENS,J. Mater. Sci. 23 (1988) 804.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. I. NETTLESHIP and R. STEVENS,J. Int. High Tech. Ceram. 3 (1987) 1.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. I. A. AKSAY, F. F. LANGE and B. I. DAVIS,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 66 (1983) C-190.

    Google Scholar 

  92. E. A.PUGAR and P. E. D. MORGAN,ibid. 69 (1986) C-120.

  93. Y. HIDEYUKI, A. OSAKA,J. Mater. Lett. 4 (1986) 426.

    Google Scholar 

  94. H. YOSHIMATSU, H. KAWASASI and A. OSAKA,J. Mater. Sci. 23 (1983) 332.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Y. MURASE, E. KATO and K. DAIMON,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 69 (1986) 83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. J. C. DEBSIKDAR,J. Mater. Sci. 22 (1987) 2237.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. D. W. SPROSON and G. L. MESSING,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 67 (1984) C-92.

    Google Scholar 

  98. B. FEGLEY Jr, P. WHITE and H. K. BOWEN,ibid. 68 (1985) C-60.

  99. S. HORI, M. YOSHIMURA and S. SOMIYA, in “Advances in Ceramics”, Vol. 12, “Science and Technology of Zirconia II”, edited by N. Claussen, M. Ruhle and A. H. Heuer (The American Ceramics Society, Columbus, Ohio, 1984) p. 794.

    Google Scholar 

  100. M. KAGAWA, M. KIKUCHI, Y. SYONO and T. NAGAE,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 66 (1983) 751.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. N. CLAUSSEN, G. LINDEMAN and G. PETZOW, in “Ceramics Powders”, edited by Vincenzini (Elsevier, Essex, 1983).

    Google Scholar 

  102. J. ECHIGOYA, Y. TAKABAYASHI, H. SUTO and M. ISHIGAME,J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 5 (1986) 150.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. J. ECHIGOYA, Y. TAKABAYASHI, K. SASAKI, S. HAYASHI and H. SUTO,Trans. Jpn. Inst. Metals 27 (1986) 102.

    Google Scholar 

  104. J. ECHIGOYA and H. SUTO,J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 5 (1986) 949.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. M. YOSHIMURA, S. KIKUGAWA and S. SOMIYA,Yogyo-Kyokai-Shi 91 (1983) 182.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. I. W. CHEN and Y. H. CHIAO, in “Advances in Ceramics”, Vol. 12, “Science and Technology of Zirconia II”, edited by N. Claussen, M. Ruhle and A. H. Heuer (The American Ceramics Society, Columbus, Ohio, 1984) p. 23.

    Google Scholar 

  107. G. DEPORTU and C. FIORI, presented at the Third International Conference on Science and Technology of Zirconia, III, Tokyo, Japan, September (1986), “Advances in Ceramics”, in press.

  108. J. REQUENA, R. MORENO and J. S. MOYA, Proceedings of the British Ceramics Society, Vol. 38, “Novel Ceramic Fabrication Processes and Applications”, edited by R. W. Davidge (British Ceramics Society, Stoke-on-Trent, 1986) p. 101.

    Google Scholar 

  109. J. D. KATZ, R. D. BLAKE and J. J. PETROVIC, in “Ceramics Abstract”, 89th Annual Meeting of the American Ceramics Society 1987 (American Ceramics Society, Columbus, Ohio, 1987).

    Google Scholar 

  110. C. H. HSUCH, A. G. EVANS and R. L. COBLE,Acta. Metall. 30 (1982) 1296.

    Google Scholar 

  111. F. J. ESPER, K. H. FRIESE and H. GEIER, in “Advances in Ceramics”, Vol. 12, “Science and Technology of Zirconia II”, edited by N. Claussen, M. Ruhle and A. H. Heuer (The American Ceramics Society, Columbus, Ohio, 1984) p. 528.

    Google Scholar 

  112. F. F. LANGE,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 66 (1983) 396.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. S. BAIK, A. BLEIER and F. P. BECHER,Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 73 (1986) 791.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. F. WAKAI and H. KATO,Adv. Ceram. Mater. 3 (1988) 71.

    Google Scholar 

  115. F. F. LANGE and M. METCALF,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 66 (1983) 398.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. F. F. LANGE and B. I. DAVIS, —ibid.66 (1983) 407.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. F. F. LANGE and M. M. HIRLINGER, —ibid.67 (1984) 164.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. F. F. LANGE and B. I. DAVIS, in “Advances in Ceramics”, Vol. 12, “Science and Technology of Zirconia II”, edited by N. Claussen, M. Ruhle and A. H. Heuer (The American Ceramics Society, Columbus, Ohio, 1984) p. 699.

    Google Scholar 

  119. S. P. KRAUS-LANTERI, T. E. MITCHELL and A. H. HEUER,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 69 (1986) 256.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. B. W. KIBBEL and A. H. HEUER, in “Advances in Ceramics”, Vol. 12, “Science and Technology of Zirconia II”, edited by N. Claussen, M. Ruhle and A. H. Heuer (The American Ceramics Society, Columbus, Ohio, 1984) p. 415.

    Google Scholar 

  121. —Idem, J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 69 (1986) 231.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. S. HORI and R. KURITA, presented at the Third International Conference on Science and Technology of Zirconia III, Tokyo, Japan, September (1986), “Advances in Ceramics”, in press.

  123. F. F. LANGE and M. M. HIRLINGER, —ibid.70 (1987) 827.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. S. C. H. KOH, K. A. AIR and R. McPHERSON, in “Advances in Ceramics”, Vol. 24, Science and Technology of Zirconia III. Edited by S. Somiya, N. Yamamoto and H. Hanagida (American Ceramics Society, Westerville, Ohio, 1988) p. 293.

    Google Scholar 

  125. F. F. LANGE, B. I. DAVIS and E. WRIGHT,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 69 (1986) 66.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. R. L. COBLE, J. E. BURKE in “Processes in Ceramics Science”, Vol. 3, edited by J. E. Burke (Macmillan, New York, 1963) p. 197.

    Google Scholar 

  127. T. KOSMAC, J. S. WALLACE and N. CLAUSSEN,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 65 (1984) 242.

    Google Scholar 

  128. M. I. OSENDI and J. S. MOYA,J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 7 (1988) 15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. B. YANG and R. STEVENS, unpublished work (1989).

  130. R. RUH and H. J. GARRETT,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 50 (1967) 257.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. S. HORI, M. YOSHIMURA, S. SOMIYA and H. KAJI,J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 3 (1984) 242.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. M. V. SWAIN,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 68 (1985) C-97.

    Google Scholar 

  133. —Idem, Acta Metall. 33 (1985) 2083.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. M. V. SWAIN and L. R. F. ROSE,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 69 (1986) 511.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. N. CLAUSSEN,Mater. Sci. Engng 71 (1985) 23.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. —Idem. in “Advances in Ceramics”, Vol. 12, “Science and Technology of Zirconia II”, edited by N. Claussen, M. Ruhle and A. H. Heuer (American Ceramics Society, Columbus, Ohio, 1984) p. 325.

    Google Scholar 

  137. T. SATO and M. SHIMADA,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 67 (1984) C-212.

    Google Scholar 

  138. F. F. LANGE, G. L. DUNLOP and B. I. DAVIS, —ibid.69 (1986) 237.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. C. BAUDIN and J. S. MOYA, in “Science of Ceramics 14” edited by D. Taylor, R. Davidge, R. Freer and D. T. Livery (Institute of Ceramics, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffs, 1988) p. 831.

    Google Scholar 

  140. M. ISHITSUKA, T. SATO, T. EDDO and M. SHIMADA,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 70 (1987) C-342.

    Google Scholar 

  141. J. M. RINCON, T. R. DINGER, G. THOMAS, J. S. MOYA and M. I. OSENDI,Acta Metall. 35 (1987) 1175.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. T. SATO, H. FUJISHIRO, T. ENDO and M. SHIMADA,J. Mater. Sci. 22 (1987) 882.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. T. K. BROG, J. S. WALLACE and T. Y. TIEN, in “Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics”, Vol. 8, edited by R. C. Bradt, A. G. Evans, D. P. H. Hasselman and F. F. Lange (Plenum, New York, London, 1984) p. 143.

    Google Scholar 

  144. T. Y. TIEN, T. K. BROG and A. K. LI,Int. J. High Tech. Ceram. 2 (1986) 207.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. “Phase Diagrams for Ceramists”, no. 4444 (American Ceramics Society, Columbus, Ohio, 1975).

  146. L. J. SCHIOLER and J. J. STIGLICH Jr,Amer. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 65 (1986) 289.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. N. CLAUSSEN, K. L. WEISSKOPF and M. RUHLE,J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 69 (1986) 288.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. N. CLAUSSEN and G. PETZOW,Mater. Sci. Res. 20 (1986) 649.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Idem, J. de Physique 47 (1986) cl.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials, University of Leeds, LS2, Leeds, UK

    J. Wang & R. Stevens

Authors
  1. J. Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. Stevens
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wang, J., Stevens, R. Zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) ceramics. J Mater Sci 24, 3421–3440 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02385721

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02385721

Keywords

Search

Navigation