Skip to main content
Log in

The summation of muscle fibre action potentials

  • Published:
Medical and biological engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A simple model for the extracellular action potential of a single muscle fibrein situ is proposed. This model is a dipole moving at a uniform speed in an axial direction, immersed in a volume conductor of extent large compared with the dipole length. The peak to peak duration of the potential recorded by a small electrode increases with distance of the electrode from the site of maximum amplitude. The model can be applied to show why the measured duration of the action potential of a motor unit is necessarily longer than that of the constituent single fibre.

Sommaire

On propose un modèle simple pour le potentiel de l'action extracellulaire d'une seule fibre musculaire sur place. Ce modèle est un dipôle se déplaçant à vitesse uniforme dans une direction axiale, et submergé dans un conducteur de volume d'étendue large en comparaison avec la longueur du dipôle. La durée crête à crête du potentiel enregistré par une petite électrode augmente avec la distance de l'électrode au lieu d'amplitude maximale. Le modèle peut être appliqué pour montrer pourquoi la durée mesurée du potentiel d'action d'un élément moteur est nécessairement plus longue que celle de la fibre simple constituante.

Zusammenfassung

Ein einfaches Modell für das extrazellulare Funktionspotential einer einzigen in situ Muskelfaser wird unterbreitet. Dieses Modell ist ein Dipol, der sich mit einer gleichförmigen Geschwindigkeit in axialer Richtung bewegt und der in einem Rauminhaltleiter eingetaucht ist, welcher, verglichen mit der Dipollänge, gross ist. Die Dauer des Potentials von Spitze zu Spitze, wie es von einer kleinen Elektrode registriert wird, verlängert sich mit-Entfernung der Elektrode von der Stelle maximalen Ausschlags. Das Modell kann verwandt werden zu zeigen, warum die gemessene Dauer des Aktionspotentials einer Motoreinheit notwendigerweise länger ist, als die des Einzelfaserbestandteils.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ashman, R., Wilde, W. S. andDrawe, C. E. (1940) Validity of the electrical doublet theory of the cardiac action current.Am. J. Physiol. 128, 547–551.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauwens, P. (1950) The analysis of action potentials in electromyography.Proc. Instn elect. Engrs 97 (Part I), 217–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bayley, R. H. (1939) The potential produced by cardiac muscle. A general and a particular solution.Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. 42, 699–702.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beardwell, A. (1967) The spatial organisation of motor units and the origin of different types of potential.Ann. phys. Med. IX, 139–157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein, J. (1871)Untersuchungen über des Erregungsvorgang. Heidelberg. Cited byBurdon-Sanderson (1880)J. Physiol. II, 384–435.

  • Bernstein, J. (1902) Untersuchungen zur Thermodynamik der biolelektrischen Ströme.Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 92, 521–562. Cited byBrazier (1960) p. 49 and pl. II,The Electrical Activity of the Nervous System. Pitman, London.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein, J. (1912)Elektrobiologie. Braunschweig. Cited byBureš et al. (1967)Electrophysiological Methods in Biological Research, p. 18. Academic Press, New York.

  • Bishop, G. H. (1967) The relation of bioelectric potentials to cell functioning.Ann. Rev. Physiol. III, 1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, G. H. andGilson, A. S. (1929) Action potentials from skeletal muscle.Am. J. Physiol. LXXXIX, 135–151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, B. H. (1968) Theoretical and experimental waveform analysis of human compound nerve action potentials using surface electrodes.Med. biol. Engng 6, 375–386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Canfield, R. (1927) On the electrical field surrounding doublets, and its significance from the standpoint of Einthoven's equations.Heart 14, 102–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Craib, W. H. (1972) A study of the electrical field surrounding active heart muscle.Heart 14, 71–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Einthoven, W., Fahr, G. andde Waart, A. (1913) Über die Richtung und die manifests Grosse der Potentialschwankungen im menschlichen Herzen und über den Einfluss der Herzlage auf die Form des Elektrokardiograms.Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 150, 275. Cited byWilson et al. (1933), andCraib (1927).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ekstedt, J. (1964) Human single muscle fibre action potentials.Acta physiol. scand. 61, suppl. 226, 1–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frank, E. (1952) Electric potential produced by two point current sources in a homogeneous conducting sphere.J. appl. Phys. 23, 1225–1228.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Gilson, A. S. (1927) The monophasic action potential curve of tortoise ventricular muscle.Am. J. Physiol. LXXXII, 533–545.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilson, A. S. andBishop, G. H. (1934) The interpretation of electrograms from heart strips in a conducting medium.Am. J. Physiol. CIX, 40–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilson, A. S. andBishop, G. H. (1937) The effect of remote leads upon the form of the recorded electrocardiogram.Am. J. Physiol. CXII, 743–756.

    Google Scholar 

  • Håkansson, C. H. (1957) Action potentials recorded intra-and extra-cellularly from the isolated frog muscle fibre in Ringer's solution and in air.Acta physiol scand. 39, 291–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hermann, L. (1879)Handbuch der Physiologie. Vogel, Leipzig. Cited byBrazier (1960)The Electrical Activity of the Nervous System, p. 58, Pitman, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodgkin, A. L. andHuxley, A. F. (1939) Action potentials recorded from inside a nerve fibre.Nature 144, 710–711.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodgkin, A. L. andHuxley, A. F. (1952) A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve.J. Physiol. 117, 500–544.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodgkin, A. L., Huxley, A. F. andKatz, B. (1952) Measurement of current-voltage relations in the membrane of the giant axon of Loligo.J. Physiol. 116, 424–448.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keele, C. A. andNeil, E. (1965)Samson Wright's Applied Physiology, 11th edn. Oxford University Press.

  • Lorente de Nó, R. (1947) A study of nerve physiology, Part 2, Ch. XVI. Analysis of the distribution of the action currents of nerve in volume conductors.Studies from the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research 132, 384–477.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, T. (1922) Interpretation of the initial phases of the electrocardiogram with special reference to the theory of ‘limited potential differences’.Archs intern. Med. 30, 269–285.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacLeod, A. G. (1938) The electrogram of cardiac muscle: an analysis which explains the regression orT-deflection.Am. Heart J. 15, 165–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mauro, A. (1960) Properties of thin generators pertaining to electrophysiological potentials in volume conductors.J. Neurophysiol. 23, 132–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noble, D. (1966) Applications of the Hodgkin-Huxley equations to excitable tissues.Physiol. Rev. 46, 1–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tasaki, I. (1959) Conduction of the nerve impulse.Handbook of Physiology, Ch. III, pp. 75–121, in Vol. 1 of Section 1. American Physiological Society, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, F. N., MacLeod, A. G. andBarker, P. S. (1933) Distribution of action currents produced by heart muscle and other excitable tissues immersed in extensive conducting media.J. gen. Physiol. 16, 423–456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woolf, A. L. (1962) The theoretical basis of clinical electromyography, Part II,Ann. phys. Med. 6, 341–266.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

George, R.E. The summation of muscle fibre action potentials. Med. & biol. Engng. 8, 357–365 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02477663

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02477663

Keywords

Navigation