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Fast Fourier transform in the analysis of biomedical data

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Abstract

The fast Fourier transform (f.f.t.) is a powerful technique which facilitates analysis of signals in the frequency domain. This paper reviews some of the important features of the fast Fourier transform which are relevant to its increasing application to biomedical data. A distinction is made between the power spectrum of ergodic signals, computed from the autocorrelation function, and the frequency spectrum of nonstationary biomedical signals. The major practical pitfalls that are encountered in applying the f.f.t. technique to biomedical data are discussed, and practical hints for avoiding such pitfalls are suggested.

Sommaire

La transformation rapide de Fourier est une technique puissante qui facilite l'analyse des signaux dans le domaine des fréquences. Le présent article passe en revue quelques uns des traits importants de la transformation rapide de Fourier se rapportant à son application de plus en plus importante en données biomédicales. On fait la distinction entre le spectre de puissance des signaux ergodiques calculés à partir de la fonction d'autocorrélation, et le spectre de fréquence des signaux biomédicaux non stationnaires. Les pièges pratiques principaux rencontrés dans l'application de la technique de transformation rapide de Fourier sont débattus et des conseils pratiques pour éviter de tels pièges sont suggérés.

Zusammenfassung

Die schnelle Fourier-Transformierte (FFT) ist ein leistungsfähiges Verfahren, das die Analyse von Signalen im Frequenzbereich erleichtert. Diese Arbeit überprüft einige der wichtigen Eigenschaften der schnellen Fourier-Transformierten, die sich auf ihre wachsende Anwendung auf biologisch-medizinische Daten beziehen. Es wird zwischen dem Leistungsspektrum von ergodischen Signalen, die aus der Autokorrelationsfunktion errechnet werden, und dem Frequenzspektrum von nichtstationären biologisch-medizinischen Signalen unterschieden. Die wichtigsten praktischen Fallen, auf die man bei Anwendung des FFT-Verfahrens auf biologisch-medizinische Daten stieß, werden besprochen, und es werden praktische Hinweise zur Vermeidung solcher Fallen gegeben.

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Yoganathan, A.P., Gupta, R. & Corcoran, W.H. Fast Fourier transform in the analysis of biomedical data. Med. & biol. Engng. 14, 239–245 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02478755

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