Skip to main content
Log in

Research on cognitive load theory: Application to e-learning

  • Special Issue
  • Published:
Educational Technology Research and Development Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to review and critique each of the research studies published in this special issue. We will critique each article, derive one or more instructional design heuristics based on the findings for each study, and provide recommendations for extending particular lines of research. Three suggestions are provided concerning cognitive load theory and instructional design adaptations for e-learning.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ainsworth, S. (1999). The functions of multiple representations.Computers and Education, 33, 131–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Albanese, M. A., & Mitchell, S. (1993). Problem-based learning: A review of the literature on its outcomes and implementation issues.Academic Medicine, 68, 52–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anglin, G. J., Vaez, H., & Cunningham, K. L. (2004). Visual representations and learning: The role of static and animated graphics. In D. H. Jonassen (Ed.),Handbook of research for educational communications and technology (2nd ed., pp. 865–916): Mahwah, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruner, J. S., Goodnow, J. J., & Austin, G. A. (1956).A study of thinking. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, J. M., & Paivio, A. (1991). Dual coding theory and education.Educational Psychology Review, 3, 149–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dochy, F., Segers, M., Van den Bossche, P., & Gijbels, D. (2003). Effects of Problem-Based Learning: A Meta-Analysis.Learning and Instruction, 13(5), 533–568.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grabowski, B. J. (2004). Generative learning contributions to the design of instruction and learning. In D. J. Jonassen (Ed.),Handbook of educational communications and technology (2nd ed., pp. 719–743) Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmberg, B. (1989).Theory and practice of distance education. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jonassen, D. J. (1988). Integrating learning strategies into courseware to facilitate deeper process. In D. J. Jonassen (Ed.),Instructional designs for microcomputer courseware (pp. 151–181). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalyuga, S., Ayres, P., Chandler, P., & Sweller, J. (2003). Expertise reversal effect.Educational Psychologist, 38, 23–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keegan, D. (1996).Foundations of distance education (3rd ed.). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, J. R., Anglin, G. J., & Carney, R. R. (1987). On empirically validating functions of pictures in prose. In D. M. Willows & H. A. Houghton (Eds.),The psychology of illustration: Vol. I. Basic research (pp. 51–85). New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, R. E., & Moreno, R. (2003). Nine ways to reduce cognitive load in multimedia learning.Educational Psychologist, 38, 43–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, G. R., Ross, S. M., Gopalakrishnan, M., & Casey, J. (1995). The effects of feedback and incentives on achievementin computer-based instruction.Contemporary Educational Psychology, 20, 32–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paas, F., & van Merriënboer, J. J. G. (1994). Variability of worked examples and transfer of geometrical problem solving skills: A cognitive load approach.Journal of Educational Psychology, 86, 122–133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ross, S. M. (1984). Matching the lesson to the student: Alternative adaptive designs for individualized learning systems.Journal of Computer-Based Instruction, 11, 42–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, S. M., & Morrison, G. R. (1989). In search of a happy medium in instructional technology research: Issues concerning external validity, media replications, and learner control.Educational Technology Research and Development, 37(1), 19–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ross, S. M., & Morrison, G. R. (2004). Experimental Research Methods. In D. J. Jonassen (Ed.),Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology (pp. 1021–1043). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, S. M., & Rakow, E. (1982). Adaptive instructional strategies for teaching rules in mathematics.Educational Communications and Technology Journal, 30, 67–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sweller, J., & Cooper, G. (1985). The use of worked examples as a substitute for problem solving in algebra.Cognition and Instruction, 2, 59–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sweller, J., van Merriënboer, J. J. G., & Paas, F. (1998). Cognitive architecture and instructional design.Educational Psychology Review, 10, 251–296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tennyson, R. D., & Buttery, T. (1980). Advisement and management strategies as design variables in computer-assisted instruction.Educational Communications and Technology Journal, 28, 169–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tennyson, R. D., & Rothen, W. (1979). Management of Computer-Based Instruction: Design of an Adaptive Control Strategy.Journal of Computer-Based Instruction, 5(3), 63–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Merriënboer, J. J. G., Kirschner, P., & Kester, L. (2003). Taking the load off a learner's mind: Instructional design for complex learning.Educational Psychologist, 38, 5–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wittrock, M. C. (1974a). A generative model of mathematics education.Journal of Research in Mathematics Education, 5(4), 181–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wittrock, M. C. (1974b). Learning as a generative process.Educational Psychologist, 19(2), 87–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gary R. Morrison.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Morrison, G.R., Anglin, G.J. Research on cognitive load theory: Application to e-learning. ETR&D 53, 94–104 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02504801

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02504801

Keywords

Navigation