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A digital simulation of the exhaust nitric oxide and soot formation histories in the combustion chambers of a swirl chamber diesel engine

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Abstract

This work presents a computer simulation of the exhaust nitric oxide and soot emission histories from a four stroke, naturally aspirated, Diesel engine with a swirl prechamber (divided chamber). The simulation is based on a thermodynamic analysis, which was validated successfully concerning the performance of the engine (load, fuel consumption, maximum pressures, etc). The analysis includes the calculation of the heat exchange between gas and walls in both the main chamber and (swirl) prechamber, after computing the relevant characteristic velocities and lengths, while combustion in both the main chamber and the swirl prechamber is attacked by proposing a two-zone combustion model. The concentration of the constituents in the exhaust gases is calculated by incorporating a complete chemical equilibrium scheme for the C−H−O system of the eleven species considered, together with chemical rate equations for the calculation of nitric oxide (NO). A model for the evaluation of soot formation and oxidation rates is also included, in order to compute the net soot concentration. The contribution of each chamber to the formation of NO and soot is given by presenting time (crank angle) diagrams of the net NO and soot formation inside each chamber (histories of formation).

To validate the analysis, an extensive experimental investigation is undertaken at the authors’ laboratory on a Diesel engine of this type by evaluating its exhaust emission characteristics in a wide range of operating conditions. The experimental results are found to be in good agreement with the theoretical results obtained from the computer program implementing the analysis, while the detailed NO and soot net formation histories provide insight into the mechanisms involved.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Thermal Engineering Section, Mechanical Engineering Department, National Technical University of Athens, Greece

    Dimitrios A. Kouremenos,  Constantine D. Rakopoulos,  Dimitrios Hountalas &  Petros Kotsiopoulos

Authors
  1. Dimitrios A. Kouremenos
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  2. Constantine D. Rakopoulos
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  3. Dimitrios Hountalas
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  4. Petros Kotsiopoulos
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Kouremenos, D.A., Rakopoulos, C.D., Hountalas, D. et al. A digital simulation of the exhaust nitric oxide and soot formation histories in the combustion chambers of a swirl chamber diesel engine. Forsch Ing-Wes 56, 22–32 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02561047

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02561047

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