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The thermodynamics of interactive co-segregation of phosphorus and alloying elements in iron and temper-brittle steels

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Abstract

The thermodynamics of co-segregation and precipitation of P and alloying elements (transition metals M and carbon) involved in temper embrittlement of steels are studied quantitatively on the basis of the regular solution model for co-segregation. The equations of this model are fitted to the available Auger data for grain boundary segregation in high purity iron-base alloys and commercial steels, allowing the determination of the intrinsic segregation energies ΔGi o and of the binary βP gb, βc gb and ternary βPC gb, ßMP gb interaction coefficients in the grain boundaries. This analysis shows that Ni, Cr, and Mo do not segregateper se in iron whereas Mn does weakly, and that the segregation of these elements is essentially driven by that of P through the strongβMP gb attractive interaction energyat the boundaries. This energy, which increases in the order Ni, Mn, Cr, Mo, is remarkably close to the bulk values βMP B in the corresponding phosphides as calculated on the basis of solubility data. The scavenging of P by M elements with largebulk M-P interactions is shown to play a determining role in low Mo and high (12 pct) Cr steels. The beneficial role of carbon is complex since it drives Mo to the grain boundaries due to the large Mo-C attraction, but it also strongly opposes P segregation due to the large repulsive P-C interaction.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Les Renardières, Electricité de France, Moret-sur-Loing, France

    M. Guttmann

  2. IBM-France, Bordeaux

    Ph. Dumoulin

  3. Department of Mineral Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

    M. Wayman (Professor)

Authors
  1. M. Guttmann
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  2. Ph. Dumoulin
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  3. M. Wayman
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Additional information

M. GUTTMANN, formerly Maître de Recherche in the Centre des Matériaux de lÉcole des Mines de Paris, Evry, France

Ph. DUMOULIN, formerly Research Engineer in the Centre des Matériaux

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Guttmann, M., Dumoulin, P. & Wayman, M. The thermodynamics of interactive co-segregation of phosphorus and alloying elements in iron and temper-brittle steels. Metall Trans A 13, 1693–1711 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02647825

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