Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Precipitation behaviors in Al-Cu-Mg and 2024 aluminum alloys

  • Published:
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The precipitation behaviors and aging reactions of the pseudobinary Al-Cu-Mg alloy and the commercial 2024 alloy under unstretched and stretched conditions have been investigated in this study by means of conductivity and hardness measurements, differential scanning calorimetry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The morphologies and growth modes of various defects and transition phases as well as the interaction among them were widely discussed. In particular, an electron diffraction ring pattern was found to correspond to the axial growth of the GPB2 zone. This suggested that the atom groups constructing this cylindrical zone are statistically, uniformly arranged in the adjacent {100}A1 planes and the GPB2 zone is only a partially ordered version of the GPB zone in <001>Al, directions. Moreover, few GPB2 zones can survive long time overaging due to the Gibbs-Thomson effect. As for the S' precipitates, they preferentially nucleate on dislocations. During subsequent growth, they can further coalesce into two morphologies (corrugated sheets and wide plates) for the unstretched specimens. However, for the stretched specimens, this coalescing process does not occur until a long time of overaging due to more introduced dislocations. Therefore, the rate of Ostward ripening decreases and the peak hardness becomes flattened. Finally, based on the present analyses, the aging sequence of the two alloys studied could be revised with respect to previous investigations and their isothermal aging reactions can be subdivided into five main stages. These stages correspond to (1) GPB zone precipitation, (2) fast in situ precipitation of GPB2 zones from GPB zones and their subsequent growth, (3) fast nucleation and accelerating growth of the S' phase, (4) decelerating growth of the S' phase, and (5) Ostward ripening of the S' and S phases, respectively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. T.H. Sanders, Jr. and E.A. Starke, Jr.:Metall. Trans. A, 1976, vol. 7A, pp. 1407–18.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. G.M. Ludtka and D.E. Laughlin:Metall. Trans. A, 1981, vol. 12A, pp. 2083–91.

    Google Scholar 

  3. G.M. Ludtka and D.E. Laughlin:Metall. Trans. A, 1982, vol. 13A, pp. 411–25.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. J.T. Vietz and I.J. Polmear:J. Inst. Met., 1966, vol. 94, pp. 410–19.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. R.N. Wilson, D.M. Moore, and P.J.E. Forsyth:J. Inst. Met., 1967, vol. 95, pp. 177–83.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. R.N. Wilson:J. Inst. Met., 1969, vol. 97, pp. 80–86.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. N. Sen and D.R.F. West:J. Inst. Met., 1969, vol. 97, pp. 87–92.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. F.S. Lin, S.B. Chakrabortty, and E.A. Starke, Jr.:Metall. Trans. A, 1982, vol. 13A, pp. 401–10.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. F.G. Ostermann and W.H. Reimann: ASTM STP 467, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA, 1970, pp. 169-87.

  10. F. Ostermann:Metall. Trans., 1971, vol. 2, pp. 2897–2902.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. M.C. Chaturvedi, D.W. Chung, and R.A. Doucette:Met. Sci., 1979, pp. 34-38.

  12. R.N. Wilson and P.G. Partridge:Acta Metall., 1964, vol. 13, pp. 1321–27.

    Google Scholar 

  13. H.K. Hardy:J. Inst. Met., 1954-55, vol. 83, pp. 17–34.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. J.M. Silcock: J. Inst. Met., 1960-61, vol. 89 pp. 203–10.

    Google Scholar 

  15. L.F. Mondolfo:Aluminum Alloys: Structure and Properties, Butterworth and Co., Boston, MA, 1976, pp. 497–505.

    Google Scholar 

  16. T.V. Shchegolayev and N.N. Buynov:Fiz. Met. Metalloved., 1967, vol. 23, pp. 1026–32.

    Google Scholar 

  17. R. Horiuchi and Y. Minonishi:J. Jpn. Inst. Met., 1970, vol. 39, pp. 936–43.

    Google Scholar 

  18. W.V. Youdelis and W. Fang:Science and Engineering of Light Metals, Japan Institute of Light Metals, Tokyo, 1991, pp. 917–22.

    Google Scholar 

  19. T. Croucher and D. Butler:Heat Treating of Light Metals, Japan Institute of Light Metals, Tokyo, 1983, pp. 18–19.

    Google Scholar 

  20. M. Rosen and E. Horowitz:Mater. Sci. Eng., 1982, vol. 53, pp. 191–98.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. A.K. Jena, A.K. Gupta, and M.C. Chaturvedi:Acta Metall., 1989, vol. 37, pp. 885–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. P.L. Rossiter and P. Wells:Phil. Mag., 1971, vol. 24, pp. 425–36.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Richard DeIasi and Philip N. Adler:Metall. Trans. A, 1977, vol. 8A, pp. 1177–83.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. H.D. Chandler and J.V. Bee:Acta Metall., 1987, vol. 35, pp. 2503- 10.

    Google Scholar 

  25. W. Bonfield and P.K. Datta:J. Met. Sci., 1976, vol. 11, pp. 1661–66.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. G. Pysz and I. Tietz:Neue Hüttz, 1968, vol. 13, pp. 432–34.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. A. Saulnier and R. Syre:Rev. Met., 1952, vol. 49, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Yu. A. Bagaryatsky:Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1952, vol. 87, p. 397.

    Google Scholar 

  29. T.V. Shchegoleva and N.N. Buinov:Sov. Phys.-Crystallogr., 1968, vol. 12, pp. 552–55.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Yu.A. Bagaryatsky:Z. Tekhn. Fiz., 1948, vol. 18, p. 827.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Yu.A. Bagaryatsky:Z. Tekhn. Fiz., 1950, vol. 20, pp. 424–27.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Yu.A. Bagaryatsky:Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 1952, vol. 87, p. 559.

    Google Scholar 

  33. G.C. Weatherly: Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 1966.

  34. V. Radmilovic, G. Thomas, G.J. Shiflet, and E.A. Starke, Jr.:Scripta Metall., 1989, vol. 23, pp. 1141–46.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. A.K. Gupta, P. Gaunt, and M.C. Chaturvedi:Phil. Mag., 1987, vol. 55, 375–87.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. D.A. Porter and K.E. Easterling:Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys, 1st ed., Pergamon Press, Oxford, United Kingdom, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, 80424, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China

    Han-Cheng Shih (Graduate Student), New-Jin Ho (Professors) & J. C. Huang (Professors)

Authors
  1. Han-Cheng Shih
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. New-Jin Ho
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J. C. Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Shih, HC., Ho, NJ. & Huang, J.C. Precipitation behaviors in Al-Cu-Mg and 2024 aluminum alloys. Metall Mater Trans A 27, 2479–2494 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02652342

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02652342

Keywords

Search

Navigation