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Heat transfer in a direct-fired rotary kiln: I. Pilot plant and experimentation

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An Erratum to this article was published on 01 December 1978

Abstract

The characterization of heat flow processes in direct-fired rotary kilns requires detailed measurements of gas, solids and wall temperatures. This paper describes the construction, instrumentation and operation of a 5.5 m long x 0.406 m inside diam kiln designed for such measurements. The heating of inert sand was chosen for experimental study. Methods of calculating heat flows among solids, wall and gas from the measured axial and radial temperatures are presented and the heat balance calculations and other necessary checks on the validity of the data are given. The effects of the kiln operating variables on heat flow rates, and the implications of the results for modelling and scale-up to large kilns are discussed in Part II.

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Abbreviations

A :

Area, m2

Cp :

Heat capacity, J/kg K

D :

Inside diam of kiln, m

F :

Degree of fill of kiln

Gg :

Mass flow rate of gas, g/s

Gs :

Mass flow rate of solids, g/s

H :

Bed depth, m

h :

Heat transfer coefficient, w/m2 K

k :

Thermal conductivity, W/m K

L :

Length coordinate, m

q :

Heat flow rate, W

q:

Average heat flow rate, W

r :

Radius, m

rw :

Inside radius of kiln, m

T :

Temperature, K

T :

Circumferential average temperature, K

Tg :

Average gas temperature defined by Eq. [1] K,

Tg :

Average gas temperature defined by Eq. [2] K,

x :

Axial distance coordinate, m

ε:

Emissivity

σ :

Stefan Boltzmann constant, w/m2K4

Gr :

Grashof number

Pr :

Prandtl number

Reω :

Reynolds number (rotational)

te]a :

air

E, F, F′ :

positions in Fig. 3

g :

gas

l :

loss

o :

outside

r :

reference

s :

solids

sh :

shell

w :

wall

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Metallurgy and of Chemical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B. C, Canada

    J. K. Brimacombe (Associate Professors) & A. P. Watkinson (Associate Professors)

Authors
  1. J. K. Brimacombe
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  2. A. P. Watkinson
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Additional information

An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03257229.

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Brimacombe, J.K., Watkinson, A.P. Heat transfer in a direct-fired rotary kiln: I. Pilot plant and experimentation. Metall Trans B 9, 201–208 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02653685

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