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Acid dissolution of willemite (Zn, Mn)2 SiO4) and hemimorphite (Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 H2O)

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Abstract

The influence of temperature, pH, acid type, and surface area on the kinetics of the acid dissolution of natural and synthetic willemites and natural hemimorphites has been investigated. Specific rate constants, based upon areas determined by krypton adsorption measurements, were estimated from the experimental data obtained. For both willemite and hemimorphite, the rates of dissolution in different acids are shown to be related to the relative strengths of zinc-acid anion complexes. The reactivity of willemite toward acids increases with increasing replacement of zinc by manganese. Mixed chemical/diffusion control is responsible for the observed rates of willemite dissolution under the conditions studied (HNO3, HCl, HClO4, H3PO4, H2SO4, pH 0.31 to 3.00,T 21 to 94 °C). Estimates of the relative contributions of chemical and diffusional resistances to the overall rate have been made for the dissolution of manganese-free willemite in sulfuric acid solutions. The experimentally measured rates have been demonstrated to be in reasonable agreement with predicted overall dissolution rates. Proposals are made regarding the nature of the diffusion and chemical steps involved in the dissolution process. Hemimorphite was found to be considerably more reactive than willemite and its dissolution is primarily diffusion controlled under the conditions studied (T 20 to 76 °C, pH 2 to 3.5).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. BHP Central Research Laboratories, 2307, Shortland, New South Wales, Australia

    B. Terry (Research Officer)

  2. Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College, SW7 2BP, London, UK

    A. J. Monhemius (Lecturer)

Authors
  1. B. Terry
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  2. A. J. Monhemius
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Formerly a Postgraduate Research Student, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College, London

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Terry, B., Monhemius, A.J. Acid dissolution of willemite (Zn, Mn)2 SiO4) and hemimorphite (Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 H2O). Metall Trans B 14, 335–346 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02654351

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02654351

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