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Physical characteristics of gas jets injected vertically upward into liquid metal

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Abstract

The time-averaged structure of plumes has been measured with a two-element electroresistivity probe during upward injection of nitrogen or helium into mercury in a ladle-shaped vessel. From these measurements and data obtained earlier for air jets in water, general correlations linking the spatial distribution of gas fraction with the Froude number and gas/liquid density ratio have been developed. Early evidence suggests that these correlations should be applicable to gas-stirred metallurgical baths. Measurements of the profiles of bubble velocity and bubble pierced length reveal that the kinetic energy of the gas is dissipated close to the nozzle, and buoyancy dominates flow over most of the plume.

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Abbreviations

d b ,d bg :

local bubble diameter; geometric mean local bubble diameter, mm

d bc :

critical bubble diameter, mm

d o :

orifice diameter, mm

f b :

local bubble frequency,s-1 Fr Froude number =

Q o 2 /gd o 5 :

g acceleration due to gravity, (9.81 ms-2)

hb :

bath depth, mm lb arithmetic mean of local pierced length, mm

N parameter defined as:

[(gdo 5/Qo 2)0.26(pl/pgo)0.13(z/do)0.94]

(Eqs. [2] and [3]):

Q, Q o gas flow rate at STP; gas flow rate at given

conditions (atmospheric pressure plus static:

head of liquid and actual temperature),

cm3 s-1 :

r, rα max/2 radial coordinate across the plume;

half-value radius, mm:

Re Reynolds number =4Q 0 p go /Μd o

Ūb local mean bubble velocity, ms-1 :

U o superficial velocity of the gas at the orifice,

ms-1 :

z vertical coordinate along the plume, mm

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPA, Carr. Satillo—Monterrey Km, 25000, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico

    A. H. Castillejos

  2. The University of British Columbia, BC V6T 1W5, Vancouver, Canada

    J. K. Brimacombe (Stelco/NSERC Professor and Director of the Centre for Metallurgical Process Engineering)

Authors
  1. A. H. Castillejos
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  2. J. K. Brimacombe
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Castillejos E., formerly with the Centre for Metallur-gical Process Engineering, The University of British Columbia,

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Castillejos, A.H., Brimacombe, J.K. Physical characteristics of gas jets injected vertically upward into liquid metal. Metall Trans B 20, 595–601 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02655916

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