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The influence of weathering on the reduction of llmenite with carbon

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Abstract

The reduction of synthetic ilmenite and three ilmenite concentrates (Westralian Sands Limited (WSL), Western Mineral Sands (WMS) and Florida) with coal at 1000 ‡C to 1100 ‡C was stud-ied using thermogravimetry and X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, and electron probe microanalysis of the products. The rate of reduction and the size of the iron particles decrease with increasing degree of weathering of the concentrate. Stoichiometric ilmenite reduces faster than pseudorutile (Fe2O3-3TiO2), which is a product of weathering. The addition of FeCl3, which promoted the nucleation of iron, increased the rate of reduction, and significant coars-ening of the iron was obtained at 1000 ‡C. In general, the products of reaction are iron, rutile, reduced rutiles, unreduced ilmenite or a-oxide, and pseudobrookite solid solution. A small amount of manganese (1.2 to 1.6 pct MnO) present in the concentrates stabilizes a pseudobrookite phase which retains a significant amount of iron. The manganese also forms an a-oxide phase, (Fe,Mn)TiO3, which is mainly a manganese titanate and concentrates toward the center of the reducing particles.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Melbourne University, 3052, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

    Suresh K. Gupta (National Research Fellow, G.K. Williams Laboratory for Extractive Metallurgy Research)

  2. CSIRO, Division of Mineral and Process Engineering, 3168, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

    V. Rajakumar (Principal Research Scientist)

  3. Depart-ment of Materials, Imperial College of Science and Technology, SW7 2BP, London, UK

    Paul Grieveson (Professor of Applied Metallurgy)

Authors
  1. Suresh K. Gupta
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  2. V. Rajakumar
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  3. Paul Grieveson
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Formerly with the Imperial College, London.

Formerly with the Imperial College, London.

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Gupta, S.K., Rajakumar, V. & Grieveson, P. The influence of weathering on the reduction of llmenite with carbon. Metall Trans B 20, 735–745 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02655932

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