Abstract
Techniques were developed for routine evaluation of the tendency for low-carbon steels to undergo surface segregation of manganese during annealing, and the gradients of manganese concentration near the surface were determined. In the analytical method developed, surface material is removed with a chemical polishing solution, which is then analyzed for iron and manganese by an atomic-absorption-spectrometry technique. The enrichment of the steel surface in manganese that occurs during annealing is consistent with a mechanism of selective oxidation for steel in contact with normally used commercial atmospheres. Detectable surface segregation in manganese did not occur when the oxygen potential of the atmosphere contacting the steel during annealing was sufficiently low. The degree of surface segregation that can occur during annealing was found to increase with an increase in the free manganese (uncombined, in solid solution) content of the steel.
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Hudson, R.M., Biber, H.E., Oles, E.J. et al. Surface segregation of manganese in low-carbon steel during annealing. Metall Trans A 7, 1857–1865 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02659816
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02659816