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High-resolution photoemission yield and surface states in semiconductors

Выход фотоэмнссии с высоким разрешением и поверхностные состояния в полупроводниках

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Il Nuovo Cimento B (1971-1996)

Summary

Accurate measurements of the total photoemission yield, down to the 10−11 electron per incident photon range with a resolution in energy better than 20 meV, bring new information, compared to other methods, on surface states in the gap and the upper part (∼1 eV) of the valence band of semiconductors. It is shown that the first derivative, with respect to energy, of the yield curves gives a good picture of the density of states and that experiments on differently doped samples allow us to distinguish between surface and bulk state effects. Some results obtained on cleaved Si(111), Ge(111) and GaAs(110) surfaces are discussed. In particular, on the clean surface, detailed information is obtained on intrinsic surface states and on the effect of linear defects such as steps and even of surface point defects. In the case of GaAs(110), it is experimentally demonstrated that the changes as a function of energy of the escape function for electrons excited from surface states can be neglected. Interaction with gases such as O2 or H2 brings information on sticking coefficients and allows the discussion of the influence of transition matrix elements.

Riassunto

Misure accurate del risultato di fotoemissione totale estese fino a 10−11 elettroni per fotone incidente con una risoluzione in energia superiore di 20 meV forniscono nuove informazioni, in confronto ad altri metodi, sugli stati di superficie nel gap e nella parte superiore (∼1 eV) della banda di valenza dei semiconduttori. Si mostra che la derivata prima, rispetto all’energia, dell’intensità fotoemessa dà un buon quadro della densità degli stati e che esperimenti su campioni variamente drogati ci permettono di distinguere tra effetti di stato di superficie e di volume. Si discutono alcuni risultati ottenuti su superfici sfaldata di Si (111), Ge(111) e GaAs(110). In particolare sulle superfici sfaldate si sono ottenute informazioni dettagliate sugli stati intrinseci di superficie e sull’effetto dei difetti lineari come esempio gradini e perfino difetti puntiformi di superficie. Si è dimostrato sperimentalmente che, nel caso di GaAs(110), i cambiamenti in funzione dell’energia della funzione di fuga degli elettroni eccitati da stati di superficie possono essere trascurati. L’interazione con gas come O2 e H2 dà informazioni sui coefficienti di coesione e permette la discussione sull’influenza degli elementi di matrice di transizione.

Резюме

Точные измерения полното выхода фотоэмиссии, вплоть до 10−11 электронов на падающий фотон, с энергетическим разрешением лучше, чем 20 мэВ, дают новую информацию, по сравнению с друтими методами, о поверхностных состояниях в щели и в верхней части (∼1 эВ) валентной зоны полупроводников.

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Footnotes

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Work supported in part by D.R.M.E. under contract 74-198 and C.N.R.S. under A.T.P. contract 1V02.

Traduzione a cura della Redazione.

Перевебено ребакцией.

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Sebenne, C.A. High-resolution photoemission yield and surface states in semiconductors. Nuov Cim B 39, 768–780 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02725822

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02725822

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