Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Plastome mutants

  • Review/Genetic Resources
  • Published:
Plant Molecular Biology Reporter Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Since the first reports seventy-five years ago on the non-Mendelian inheritance of variegation in plants, chloroplast gene mutations have been useful for genetical and physiological investigations. The mutations have been shown to affect the chloroplast translational apparatus, photosystem I, photosystem II, the cytochrome f/b6 complex, carbon fixation, or the ATP synthase. They arose spontaneously or were induced by mutagens or by the action of nuclear mutator genes. Alterations of chloroplast DNA include point mutations, deletions, duplications, and inversions.

In 1909, Correns discovered uniparental transmission of chloroplasts when he observed the maternal inheritance of a chlorophyll deficiency inMirabilis jalapa. At the same time, Baur (1909) reported crosses ofPelargonium zonale in which the offspring inherited chloroplasts from both parents (biparental transmission) with variegated leaves resulting as the green and white plastids sorted out. since the experiments of Baur and Correns, many non-Mendelian mutants have been isolated in both higher plants and algae (for reviews see Hagemann, 1964; Kirk and Tilney-Bassett, 1978; Gillham, 1978). Some of these are mitochondrial traits, including cytoplasmic male sterility in maize and several other plants (Hanson and Conde, 1985; Pring and Lonsdale, 1985). Several other traits have been tentatively identified as mitochondrial since their inheritance pattern differs from that of both nuclear and chloroplast genes, including the deformed leaf (“falsifolia”) syndrome ofOenothera (Stubbe, 1970), non-chromosomal stripe of maize (Coe, 1983), and inChlamydomonas, photoautotropism (Wiseman et al., 1977) and a minute colony phenotype (Alexander et al., 1974). A far larger number of extranuclear mutations affect the plastome (plastid genome). Among the algae,Euglena gracilis (Russell and Lyman, 1982),Scenedesmus obliquus (Bishop, 1982) andChlorella (Galling, 1982) have yielded interesting mutants, but unlikeChlamydomonas, they are not known to undergo sexual reproduction, and thus the Mendelian or non-Mendelian nature of the mutations has not been determined. Most of the plastome mutations which have been characterized have been isolated in higher plant lines or fromChlamydomonas.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alexander, N. J., N. W. Gillham, and J. E. Boynton (1974). The mitochondrial genome ofChlamydomonas: Induction of minute colony mutations by acriflavin and their inheritance.Mol. Gen. Genet. 130: 275–290.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arntzen, C. J., and J. H. duesing (1984). Chloroplast-encoded herbicide resistance. In:Advances in Gene Technology: Molecular Genetics of Plants and Animals, Miami Winter Symp. Vol. 20. K. Downey (Ed.). pp. 273–294.

  • Arntzen, C. J., K. Pfister, and K. E. Steinback (1982). The mechanism of chloroplast triazine resistance: alterations in the site of herbicide action. In:Herbicide Resistance in Plants. H. M. LeBaron, and J. Gressel (Eds.), John Wiley and Sons, pp. 185–214.

  • Bartlett, S. G., E. H. Harris, C. T. Grabowy, N. W. Gillham, and J. E. Boynton (1979). Ribosomal subunits affected by antibiotic resistance mutations at seven chloroplast loci inChlamydomonas reinhardtii.Mol. Gen. Genet. 176: 199–208.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baur, E. (1909). Das Wesen und die Erblichkeitsverhältnisse der “Varietates albomarginatae hort” vonPelargonium zonale.Zschr. indukt. Abstamm.-Vererb.lehre 1: 330–351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bennoun, P., and P. Delepelaire (1982). Isolation of photosynthesis mutants inChlamydomonas. In:Methods in Chloroplast Molecular Biology. M. Edelman, R. B. Hallick, and N.-H. Chua (Eds.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 25–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennoun, P., P. Delepelaire, and M. Delosme (1981). A uniparental mutant ofChlamydomonas reinhardtii resistant to chloramphenicol.Curr. Genet. 3: 251–253.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennoun, P., J. Girard, and N.-H. Chua (1977). A uniparental mutant ofChlamy-domonas reinhardtii deficient in the chlorophyll-protein complex CP1.Mol. Gen. Genet. 153: 343–348.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennoun, P., A. Masson, R. Picconi, and N.-H. Chua (1978). Uniparental mutants of Chlamydomonas defective in photosynthesis. In:Chloroplast Development. G. Akoyunoglou and J. H. Argyroudi-akoyunoglou (Eds.). Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, pp. 721–726.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennoun, P., M. Spierer-Herz, J., Erickson, J., Girard-Bascon, Y. Pierre, M. Delosme, and J.-D. Rochaix (1986). Characterization of photosystem II mutants ofChlamydomonas reinhardii lacking the psbA gene.Plant. Mol. Biol. 6: 151–160.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, N. I. (1982). Isolation of mutants ofScenedesmus obliquus defective in photosynthesis. In:Methods in Chloroplast Molecular Biology. M. Edelman, R. B. Hallick, and N.-H. Chua (Eds.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 51–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonnett, H. T., and K. Glimelius (1983). Somatic hybridization inNicotiana: behavior of organelles after fusion of protoplasts from male-fertile and male-sterile cultivars.Theor. Appl. Genet. 65: 213–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Börner, Th. (1979). Untersuchungen zur Chloroplastenbiogenese an Plastidenribo-somendefizienten Plastommutanten vonHordeum vulgare L. undPelargonium zonale hort. Thesis (Habilitation), Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle (Saale).

    Google Scholar 

  • Börner, Th., F. Herrmann, and R. Hagemann (1973). Plastid ribosome deficient mutants ofPelargonium zonale.FEBS Lett. 37: 117–119.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Börner, Th., R. Knoth, F. Herrmann, and R. Hagemann (1972). Struktur und Funktion der genetischen Information in den Plastiden. V. Das Fehlen von ribosomaler RNS in den Plastiden der Plastommutante “Mrs. Parker” vonPelargonium zonale.Theor. Appl. Genet. 42: 3–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Börner, Th., M. Metzlaff, and R. Hagemann (1980). Analyse der ribosomalen RNA und der Plastiden-DNA einer Photosystem I—defekten Plastommutante vonAntirrhinum majus.Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen 175: 772–780.

    Google Scholar 

  • Börner, Th., B. Schumann, and R. Hagemann (1976). Biochemical studies on a plastid ribosome-deficient mutant ofHordeum vulgare. In:Genetics and Biogenesis of Chloroplasts and Mitochandria. Th. Bücher, W. Neupert, W. Sebald, and S. Werner (Eds.). Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, pp. 41–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bottomley, W., and H. J. Bohnert (1982). The biosynthesis of chloroplast proteins.Encyc. Plant Phys. 14B: 531–596.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boynton, J. E., W. G. Burton, N. W. Gillham, and E. H. Harris (1973). Can a non-Mendelian mutation affect both chloroplast and mitochondrial ribosomes?Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70: 3463–3467.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boynton, J. E., N. W. Willham, and J. F. Chabot (1972). Chloroplast ribosome deficient mutants in the green algaChlamydomonas reinhardtii and the question of chloroplast ribosome function.J. Cell Sci. 10: 267–305.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brügger, M., and A. Boschetti (1975). Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of ribosomal proteins from streptomycin-sensitive and streptomycin-resistant mutants ofChlamydomonas reinhardii.Eur. J. Biochem. 58: 603–610.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Capel, M. S., E. Redman, and D. P. Bourque (1979). Quantitative comparative analysis of complex two-dimensional electropherograms.Anal. Biochem. 97: 210–228.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chia, C. P., J. H. Duesing, J. L. Watson, R. Guy, and C. J. Arntzen (1986). Characterization of cytoplasmic mutants ofNicotiana tabacum with altered photosynthetic functions.Curr. Genet. 10: 469–480.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiu, W.-L., and B. B. Sears (1985). Recombination between chloroplast DNAs does not occur in sexual crosses ofOenothera.Mol. Gen. Genet. 199: 525–528.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chua, N.-H., and P. Bennoun (1975). Thylakoid membrane polypeptides ofChlamydomonas reinhardtii: Wild-type and mutant strains deficient in photosystem II reaction center.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72: 2175–2179.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, E. M. (1985). Ph. D. thesis, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.

  • Coe, E. H. (1983). Maternally inherited abnormal plant types in maize.Maydica 28: 151–168.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conde, M. F., J. E. Boynton, N. W. Gillham, E. H. Harris, C. L. Tingle, and W. L. Wang (1975). Chloroplast genes inChlamydomonas affecting organelle ribosomes.Mol. Gen. Genet. 140: 183–220.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Correns, C. (1909). Vererbungsversuche mit blass (gelb) grünen und buntblättrigen Sippen beiMirabilis jalapa. Urtica pilulifera undLumaria annua.Zschr. indukt. Abstamm.-Vererb. lehre 1: 291–329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cséplö, A., and P. Maliga (1984). Large scale isolation of maternally inherited lincomycin resistance mutations in diploidNicotiana plumbaginifolia protoplast cultures.Mol. Gen. Genet. 196: 407–412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cséplö, A., P. Medgyesy, E. Hideg, S. Demeter, L. Marton, and P. Maliga (1985). Triazine-resistantNicotiana mutants from photomyxotrophic cell cultures.Mol. Gen. Genet. 200: 508–510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Darr, S., V. Souza Machado, and C. J. Arntzen (1981). Uniparental inheritance of a chloroplast photosystem II polypeptide controlling herbicide binding.Biochim. Biophys. Acta 634: 219–228.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, J. N., M. R. Hanson, and L. Bogorad (1974). An altered chloroplast ribosomal protein in ery-M1 mutants ofChlamydomonas reinbardtii.Mol. Gen. Genet. 132: 119–129.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Day, A., and T. H. N. Ellis (1984). Chloroplast DNA deletions associated with wheat plants regenerated from pollen: Possible basis for maternal inheritance of chloroplasts.Cell 39: 359–368.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Day, A., and T. H. N. Ellis (1985). Deleted forms of plastid DNA in albino plants from cereal anther culture.Curr. Genet. 9: 671–678.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Delepelaire, P. (1984). Partial characterization of the biosynthesis and integration of the Photosystem II reaction centers in the thylakoid membrane ofChlamydomonas reinhardtii.EMBO J. 3: 701–706.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dix, P., F. Joo, and P. Maliga (1977). A cell line ofNicotiana sylvestris with resistance to kanamycin and streptomycin.Mol. Gen. Genet. 157: 285–290.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dron, M., M. Rahire, J.-D. Rochaix, and L. Mets (1983). First DNA sequence of a chloroplast mutation: A missense alteration in the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit gene.Plasmid 9: 321–324.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Durbin, R. D., and T. F. Uchytil (1977a). A survey of plant insensitivity to tentoxin.Phytopath. 67: 602–603.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durbin, R. D., and T. F. Uchytil (1977b). Cytoplasmic inheritance of chloroplast coupling factor 1 subunits.Biochem. Genet. 15: 1143–1146.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edelman, M., R. B. Hallick, and N.-H. Chua (1982).Methods in Chloroplast Molecular Biology. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eneas Filho, J., M. R. Hartley, and R. Mache (1981). Pea chloroplast ribosomal proteins—characterization and site of synthesis.Molec. Gen. Genet. 184: 484–488.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Epp, M. D. (1973). Nuclear gene-induced plastome mutations inOenothera bookeri I. Genetic Analysis.Genetics 75: 465–483.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Erickson, J. M., M. Rahire, P. Bennoun, P. Delepelaire, B. Diner, and J.-D. Rochaix (1984a). Herbicide resistance inChlamydomonas reinhardtii results from a mutation in the chloroplast gene for the 32-kilodalton protein of photosystem II.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81: 3617–3621.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erickson, J. M., M. Rahire, L. Mets, and J.-D. Rochaix (1985). Herbicide resistance and cross-resistance: Changes at three distinct sites in the herbicide-binding protein.Science 228: 204–207.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erickson, J. M., M. Schneider, J. M. Vallet, M. Dron, P. Bennoun, and J.-D. Rochaix (1984b). Chloroplast gene function: Combined genetic and molecular approach inChlamydomonas reinhardii. In:Proceedings of Sixth International Congress on Photosynthesis. C. Sybesma (Ed.). Nijhoff, The Hague, Vol. IV, pp. 491–500.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flick, C. E., and D. A. Evans (1982). Evaluation of cytoplasmic segregation in somatic hybrids ofNicotiana: Tentoxin sensitivity.J. Hered. 73: 264–266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freyssinet, G. (1978). Changes in chloroplast ribosomal proteins in a streptomycin-resistant mutant ofEuglena gracilis.Plant Sci. Lett. 5: 305–311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galling, G. (1982). Isolation of chloroplast mutants inChlorella. In:Methods in Chloroplast Molecular Biology. M. Edelman, R. B. Hallick, N.-H. Chua (Eds.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 65–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galloway, R. E., and L. Mets (1982). Non-Mendelian inheritance of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea-resistant thylakoid membrane properties inChlamydomonas.Plant Physiol. 70: 1673–1677.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galloway, R. E., and L. Mets (1984). Atrazine, bromacil, and diuron resistance inChlamydomonas: A single non-Mendelian genetic locus controls the structure of the thylakoid binding site.Plant Physiol. 74: 469–474.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gasquez, J., H. Darmency, and C.-P. Compoint (1981). Etude de la transmission de la resistance chloroplastique aux triazines chezSolanum nigrum L.. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) Ser. 3: 847–849.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillham, N. W. (1978).Organelle Heredity. Raven Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillham, N. W., J. E. Boynton, E. H. Harris, S. B. Fox, and P. L. Bolen (1976). Genetic control of chloroplast ribosome biogenesis inChlamydomonas. In:Genetics and Biogenesis of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria. Th. Bücher, W. Neupert, W. Sebald, and S. Werner (Eds.). Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, pp. 69–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, K. H. J., J. W. Hildebrandt, H. J. Bohnert, R. G. Herrmann, and J. M. Schmitt (1980). Analysis of the plastid DNA in anOenothera plastome mutant deficient in ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase.Theor. Appl. Genet. 57: 203–207.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goloubinoff, P., M. Edelman, and R. B. Hallick (1984). Chloroplast-coded atrazine resistance inSolanum nigrum: psbA loci from susceptible and resistant biotypes are isogenic except for a single codon change.Nuc. Acid Res. 12: 5489–5496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, D. M., N. W. Gillham, and J. E. Boynton (1980). Inheritance of chloroplast DNA inChlamydomonas reinhardii.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77: 6067–6071.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hagemann, R. (1964). Plasmatische Vererbung. VEB Fischer Verlag, Jena.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagemann, R. (1982). Induction of plastome mutations by nitroso-urea-compounds. In:Methods in Chloroplast Molecular Biology. M. Edelman, R. B. Hallick, and N.-H. Chua (Eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 119–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagemann, R., and Th. Börner (1978). Plastid ribosome-deficient mutants as a tool in studies on chloroplast biogenesis. In:Chloroplast Development. G. Akouyunoglou, and J. H. Argyroudi-Akoyunoglou. (Eds.). Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, pp. 709–720.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagemann, R., and F. Scholz (1962). Ein Fall Gen-induzierter Mutationen des Plasmotyps bei Gerste.Züchter 32: 50–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hallier, U. W. (1968). Reaktionen einiger Plastom Mutanten vonOenothera II. Die Bildung von ATP und NADPH.Z. Pflanzenphysiol 58: 289–299.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hallier, U. W., and U. W. Heber (1977). Cytochrome f deficient plastome mutants ofOenothera. In:Photosynthetic Organelles. S. Miyachi, S. Katoh, Y. Fujita, and K. Shibata (Eds.), pp. 257–273.

  • Hallier, U. W., J. M. Schmitt, U. Heber, S. S. Chaianova, and A. D. Volodarsky (1978). Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-deficient plastome mutants ofOenothera.Biochem. Biophys. Acta 504: 67–83.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, M. R., and M. F. Conde (1985). Functioning and variation of cytoplasmic genomes: Lessons from cytoplasmic-nuclear interactions affecting male fertility in plants.Int. Rev. Cytol. 94: 213–267.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, E. H., J. E. Boynton, and N. W. Gillham (1974). Chloroplast ribosome biogenesis inChlamydomonas: Selection and characterization of mutants blocked in ribosome formation.J. Cell Biol. 63: 160–179.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, E. H., J. E. Boynton, and N. W. Gillham (1982). Induction of nuclear and chloroplast mutations which affect the chloroplast inChlamydomonas reinhardtii. In:Methods in Chloroplast Molecular Biology, M. Edelman, R. B. Hallick, and N.-H. Chua (Eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 3–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heizmann, P., J. Doly, Y. Hussein, P. Nicolas, V. Nigon, and G. Bernardi (1981). The chloroplast genome of bleached mutants ofEuglena gracilis.Biochim. Biophys. Acta 653: 412–415.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heizmann, P., Y. Hussein, P. Nicolas, and V. Nigon (1982a). Modifications of chloroplast DNA during streptomycin induced mutagenesis inEuglena gracilis.Curr. Genet. 5: 9–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heizmann, P., P. Ravel-Chapuis, and V. Nigon (1982b). Minicircular DNA having sequence homologies with chloroplast DNA in a bleached mutant ofEuglena gracilis.Curr. Genet. 6: 119–122.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heizmann, P., G. F. Salvador, and V. Nigon (1976). Occurrence of plastidial rRNAs and plastidial structures in bleached mutants ofEuglena gracilis.Exp. Cell Res. 99: 253–260.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herrmann, F. H. (1971a). Genetic control of pigment-protein complexes I and Ia of the plastid mutant en:alba-1 ofAntirrhinum majus.FEBS Lett. 19: 267–269.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herrmann, F. H. (1971b). Struktur und Funktion der genetischen Information in den Plastiden II. Untersuchung der photosynthesedefekten Plastommuntantealba-1 vonAntirrhinum majus L.Photosynthetica 5: 258–266.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herrmann, F. H. (1972). Chloroplast lamellar proteins of the plastid mutant en:viridis-1 ofAntirrhinum majus having impaired photosystem II.Exp. Cell Res. 70: 452–453.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herrmann, F. H., D. N. Matorin, K. Timofeev, Th. Börner, A. B. Rubin, and R. Hagemann (1974). Structure and function of the genetic information in plastids IX. Studies on primary reactions in photosynthesis in plastome mutants ofAntirrhinum majus andPelargonium zonale having impaired photosynthesis.Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen 165: 393–400.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herrmann, F. H., B. Schumann, Th. Börner, and R. Knoth (1976). Struktur und Funktion der genetischen Information in den Plastiden XII: Die plastidalen Lamellarproteine der photosynthesedefekten Plastommutante en:gil-1 (“Mrs. Pollock”) und der Genmutante “Cloth of Gold” vonPelargonium zonale AIT.Photosynthetica 10: 164–171.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herrmann, R. G., P. Seyer, R. Schedel, K. Gordon, C. Bisanz, P. Wiriter, J. W. Hildebrandt, M. Wlaschek, A. J. Driesel, and B. B. Sears (1980). The plastid chromosomes of several dicotyledons. In:Biological Chemistry of Organelle Formation. Th. Bücher, W. Neupert, W. Sebald, and S. Werner (Eds.). Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg, pp. 97–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hildebrandt, J. W., W. Bottomley, J. Moser, and R. G. Herrmann (1984). A plastome mutant ofOenothera bookeri has a lesion in the gene for the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase.Biochim. Biophys. Acta 783: 67–73.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirschberg, J., and L. McIntosh (1983). Molecular basis of herbicide resistance inAmaranthus hybridus.Science 222: 1346–1349.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Homann, P. H., and G. H. Schmid (1967). Photosynthetic reactions of chloroplasts with unusual structures.Plant Physiol. 42: 1619–1632.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Homann, P. H. (1969). Fluorescence studies on tobacco chloroplasts deficient in photosystem II. In:Progress in Photosynthesis Research, vol. I. H. Metzner (Ed.), pp. 938–942.

  • Hosticka, L. P., and M. R. Hanson (1984). Induction of plastid mutations in tomatoes by nitrosomethylurea.J. Hered. 75: 242–246.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hussein, Y., Ph. Heizmann, P. Nicholas, and V. Nigon (1982). Quantitative estimations of chloroplast DNA in bleached mutants ofEuglena gracilis.Curr. Genet. 6: 111–117.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kattermann, F. H. R., and J. E. Endrizzi (1973). Studies on the 70S ribosomal content of a plastid mutant inGossypium birsutum.Plant Physiol. 51: 1138–1139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirk, J. T. O., and R. A. E. Tilney-Bassett (1978).The Plastids. Their Chemistry, Structure, Growth and Inheritance. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knoth, R. (1975). Struktur und Funktion der genetischen Information in den Plastiden XIV. Die Auswirkungen der Plastommutationen en:alba-1 Antirrhinum majus und en:gilva-1 vonPelargonium zonale auf die Feinstruktur der Plastiden.Biol. Zbl. 94: 681–694.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knoth, R., F. H. Herrmann, M. Böttger, and Th. Bötner (1974). Struktur und Funktion der genetischen Information in den Plastiden XI. DNA in normalen und mutierten Plastiden der Sorte “Mrs. Parker” vonPelargonium zonale.Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen 166: 129–148.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, R. W., N. W. Gillham, K. P. Van Winkle, and J. E. Boynton (1973). Preferential recovery of uniparental streptomycin resistant mutants from diploidChlamydomonas reinhardtii.Mol. Gen. Genet. 121: 109–116.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, R. W., and R. F. Jones (1973). Induction of Mendelian and non-Mendelian streptomycin resistant mutants during the synchronous cell cycle ofChlamydomonas reinhardtii.Mol. Gen. Genet. 121: 99–108.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lemieux, C., M. Turmel, and R. W. Lee (1980). Characterization of chloroplast DNA inChlamydomonas eugametos andC. moewusii and its inheritance in hybrid progeny.Curr. Genet. 2: 139–147.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lemieux, C., M. Turmel, V. L. Seligy, and R. W. Lee (1984). Chloroplast DNA recombination in interspecific hybrids ofChlamydomonas: Linkage between a nonmendelian locus for streptomycin resistance and restriction fragments coding for 16S rRNA.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81: 1164–1168.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lemoine, Y., G. Zabulon, and H. Dulieu (1984). Analysis of a plastid-type inherited CP 1-deficient mutant of tobacco. In:Advances in Photosynthesis Research, vol. IV. C. Sybesma (Ed.). Martin Nijhoff/Dr. W. Junk Publ., The Hague, pp. 533–536.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lien, S., J. C. McBride, A. C. McBride, R. K. Togasaki, and A. San Pietro (1977). A comparative study of photosystem II inhibitors: the differential action on a DCMU resistant mutant strain ofC. reinhardii. In:Photosynthetic organelles. S. Miyachi, S. Katoh, Y. Fujita, and K., Shibata (Eds.), pp. 243–256.

  • Loppes, R. (1968). Ethyl methanesulfonate: An effective mutagen inChlamydomonas reinhardi.Mol. Gen. Genet. 102: 229–231.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maliga, P. (1976). Isolation of mutants from cultured plant cells. In:Cell Genetics in Higher Plants. D. Dudits, et al. (Eds.). Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 59–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maliga, P., A. Szidonya-Breznovits, and L. Marton (1973). Streptomycin-resistant plants from callus culture of haploid tobacco.Nature New Biol. 244: 29–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maliga, P., A. Szidonya-Breznovits, L. Marton, and F. Joo (1975). Non-Mendelian streptomycin-resistant tobacco mutant with altered chloroplasts and mitochondria.Nature 255: 401–402.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maroc, J., and Garnier (1981). Gel electrophoresis of chloroplast membranes of mutants ofChlamydomonas reinhardii which have impaired photosystem II function and lack photosynthetic cytochromes.Biochim. Biophys. Acta 637: 473–480.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McBride, J. C., A. C. McBride, and R. K. Togasaki (1977). Isolation ofChlamydomonas reinhardi mutants resistant to the herbicide DCMU. In:Photosynthetic organelles. S. Miyachi, S. Katoh, Y. Fujita, and K. Shibata (Eds.), pp. 239–241.

  • Medgyesy, P., E. Fejes, and P. Maliga (1985). Interspecific chloroplast recombination in aNicotiana somatic hybrid.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82: 6960–6964.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menczel, L., F. Nagy, Zs. R. Kiss, and P. Maliga (1981). Streptomycin resistant and sensitive somatic hybrids ofNicotiana tabacum+Nicotiana knightiana: Correlation of resistance toN. tabacum plastids.Theor. Appl. Genet. 59: 191–195.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mets, L. J. (1980). Uniparental inheritance of chloroplast DNA sequences in interspecific hybrids ofChlamydomonas.Curr. Genet. 2: 131–138.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mets, L. J. and L. Bogorad (1971). Mendelian and uniparental alterations in erythromycin binding by plastid ribosomes.Science 174: 707–709.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mets, L. J., and L. Bogorad (1972). Altered chloroplast ribosomal proteins associated with erythromycin-resistant mutants in two genetic systems ofChlamydomonas reinhardtii.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 69: 3779–3783.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mets, L. J., and L. J. Geist (1983). Linkage of a known chloroplast gene mutation to the uniparental genome ofChlamydomonas reinhardtii.Genetics 105: 559–579.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michaelis, P. (1969). Über Restitutionen (Rückmutationen).Cytologia 34 (Suppl): 1–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miles, C. D., J. P. Markwell, and J. P. Thornber (1979). Effect of nuclear mutation in maize on photosynthetic activity and content of chlorophyll-protein complexes.Plant Physiol. 64: 690–694.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miles, D. (1980). Mutants of higher plants: Maize. In:Methods in Enzymology. vol. 69. A. San Pietro (Ed.), pp. 3–21.

  • Miller, K. R., and R. A. Cushman (1979). A chloroplast membrane lacking photosystem II: Thylakoid stacking in the absence of the photosystem II particle.Biochim. Biophys. Acta 546: 481–497.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Montandon, P.-E., P. Nicolas, P. Schürmann and E. Stutz (1985). Streptomycin-resistance ofEuglena gracilis chloroplasts: Identification of a point mutation in the 16S rRNA gene in an invariant position.Nucl. Acid Res. 13: 4299–4310.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, A. M., D. M. Grant, D. K. Rabert, E. H. Harris, J. E. Boynton, and N. W. Gillham (1982). Mutants ofChlamydomonas reinhardtii with physical alterations in their chloroplast DNA.Plasmid 7: 133–151.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicolas, P., P. Ravel-Chapuis, P. Heizmann, and V.-M. Nigon (1985). Unequal recombination between tandemly repeated chloroplast ribosomal operons. Occurrence during the formation of plastidial antibiotic-resistant mutants ofEuglena gracilis.Curr. Genet. 10: 229–238.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Otha, N. R., R. Sager, and M. Inouye (1975). Identification of a chloroplast ribosomal protein altered by a chloroplast mutation inChlamydomonas.J. Biol. Chem. 250: 3655–3659.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, J. D. (1983). Chloroplast DNA exists in two orientations.Nature 301: 92–93.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, J. D. (1985). Comparative organization of chloroplast genomes.Ann. Rev. Genet. 19: 325–354.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paterson, D. R., and C. J. Arntzen (1982). Detection of altered inhibition of photosystem II reactions in herbicide-resistant plants. In:Methods in Chloroplast Molecular Biology, M. Edelman, R. B. Hallick, and N.-H. Chua (Eds.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 109–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfister, K., S. R. Radosevich, and C. J. Arntzen (1979). Modification of herbicide binding to photosystem II in two biotypes ofSenecio vulgaris L.Plant Physiol. 64: 995–999.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfister, K., K. E. Steinback, and C. J. Arntzen (1981). Photoaffinity labeling of an herbicide receptor protein in chloroplast membranes.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78: 981–985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Posno, M., M. van Noort, R. Débise, and G. S. P. Groot (1984). Isolation, characterization, phosphorylation and site of synthesis ofSpinacia chloroplast ribosomal proteins.Curr. Genet. 8: 147–154.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Potrykus, I. (1970). Mutation und Rückmutation extrachromosomal vererbter Plastidenmerkmale vonPetunia.Z. Pflanzenzüchtung 63: 24–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pring, D. R., M. F. Conde, K. F. Schertz, and C. S. Levings (1982). Plasmid-like DNAs associated with mitochondria of cytoplasmic male sterileSorghum.Mol. Gen. Genet. 186: 180–184.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pring, D. C., and D. M. Lonsdale (1985). Molecular biology of higher plant mitochondrial DNA.Int. Rev. Cytol. 97: 1–46.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radosevich, S. R., and J. S. Holt (1982). Physiological responses and fitness of susceptible and resistant weed biotypes to triazine herbicides. In:Herbicide Resistance in Plants. H. M. LeBaron, J. Gressel (Eds.). John Wiley and Sons, pp. 163–184.

  • Redei, G. P., and S. B. Plurad (1973). Hereditary structural alterations of plastids induced by a nuclear mutator gene inArabidopsis.Protoplasma 77: 361–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, D. (1985). Origin and phenotypic expression of recessive chloroplast mutations in higher plants: Atrazine resistance as a model system.Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. 3: 99–106.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rochaix, J.-D. (1985). Genetic organization of the chloroplast.Int. Rev. Cytol. 93: 57–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, C. K., and H. Lyman (1982). Production of chloroplast mutants inEuglena. In:Methods in Chloroplast Molecular Biology. M. Edelman, R. B. Hallick, and N.-H. Chua (Eds.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 39–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sager, R. (1972).Cytoplasmic Genes and Organelles. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiff, J. A., H. Lyman, and C. K. Russell (1980). Isolation of mutants ofEuglena gracilis: An addendum. In:Methods in Enzymology, vol. 69. A. San Pietro (Ed.). Academic Press. New York, pp. 23–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlanger, G., and R. Sager (1974). Localization of five antibiotic resistances at the subunit level in chloroplast ribosomes ofChlamydomonas.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71: 1715–1719.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, G. H. (1967). Photosynthetic capacity and lamellar structure in various chlorophyll-deficient plants.J. Mocrosc. 6: 485–498.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, G. H. (1971). Origin and properties of mutant plants: Yellow robacco. In:Methods in Enzymology, vol. 23, P. Colowick, et al. (Eds.). Academic Press, New York, pp. 171–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, R. J., C. B. Richardson, N. W. Gillham, and J. E. Boynton (1983). Sites of synthesis of chloroplast ribosomal proteins inChlamydomonas.J. Cell Biol. 96: 1451–1463.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt, J. M. (1978).Oenothera plastome mutants lacking Fraction 1 protein. In:Chloroplast Development. G. Akoyunoglou, and J. H. Argyroudi-Akoyunoglou (Eds.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 739–743.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sears, B. B. (1983). Genetics and evolution of the chloroplast. In:Stadler Symposium. Vol. 15, J. P. Gustafson (Ed.). Univ. Missouri Press, pp. 119–139.

  • Sears, B. B., and R. G. Herrmann (1985). Plastome mutation affecting the chloroplast ATP synthase involves a post-transcriptional defect.Curr. Genet. 9: 521–528.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shepherd, H. S., J. E. Boynton, and N. W. Gillham (1979). Mutations in nine chloroplast loci ofChlamydomonas affecting different photosynthetic functions.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76: 1353–1357.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shumway, L. K., and T. E. Weier (1967). Chloroplast structure ofiojap maize.Amer. J. Bot. 54: 773–780.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siemenroth, A., Th. Börner, and U. Metzger (1980). Biochemical studies on theiojap mutant ofmaize.Plant Phys. 65: 1108–1110.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Souza Machado, V. (1982). Inheritance and breeding potential of triazine tolerance and resistance in plants. In:Herbicide Resistance in Plants. H. M. LeBaron, and J. Gressel (Eds.). John Wiley and Sons, pp. 258–273.

  • Souza Machado, V., J. D. Bandeen, G. R. Stephenson, and P. Lavinge (1978). Uniparental inheritance of chloroplast atrizine tolerance inBrassica campestris.Can. J. Plant Sci. 58: 977–981.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spreitzer, R. J., C. J. Chastain, and W. L. Ogren (1984). Chloroplast gene suppression of defective ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase inChlamydomonas reinhardii: Evidence for stable heteroplasmic genes.Curr. Genet. 9: 83–89.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spreitzer, R. J., and L. Mets (1980). Non-Mendelian mutation affecting ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase structure and activity.Nature 285: 114–115.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spreitzer, R. J., and L. Mets (1981). Photosynthesis-deficient mutants ofChlamydomonas reinhardii with associated light-sensitive phenotypes.Plant Physiol. 67: 565–569.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spreitzer, R. J., D. B. Jordon, and W. L. Ogren (1982). Biochemical and genetic analysis of RuBP carboxylase/oxygenase-deficient mutant and revertants ofChlamydomonas reinhardii.FEBS Lett. 148: 117–121.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spreitzer, R. J., and W. L. Ogren (1983). Rapid recovery of chloroplast mutations affecting ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase inChlamydomonas reinhardii.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80: 6293–6297.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steele, J. A., T. F. Uchytil, R. D. Durbin, P. Bhatnagar, and D. H. Rich (1976). Chloroplast coupling factor 1: A species-specific receptor for tentoxin.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73: 2245–2248.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steele, J. A., R. D. Durbin, T. F. Uchytil, and D. H. Rich (1978). Tentoxin. An uncompetitive inhibitor of lettuce chloroplast coupling factor 1.Biochim. Biophys. Acta 501: 72–82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steele, J. A., T. F. Uchytil, and R. D. Durbin (1977). The binding of tentoxin to a tryptic digest of chloroplast coupling factor 1.Biochim. Biophys. Acta 459: 347–350.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stubbe, W. (1970). DasFalcifolia—Syndrom der Oenothera.Mol. Gen. Genet. 106: 213–227.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stubbe, W., and R. G. Herrmann (1982). Selection and maintenance of plastome mutants and interspecific genome/plastome hybrids fromOenothera. In:Methods in Chloroplast Molecular Biology. M. Edelman, R. B. Hallick, and N.-H. Chua (Eds.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 149–165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun, C. S., S. C. Wu, C. C. Wang, and C. C. Chu (1979). The deficiency of soluble proteins and plastid ribosomal RNA in the albino pollen plantlets of rice.Theor. Appl. Genet. 55: 193–197.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tellenbach, M., A. Gerber, and A. Boschetti (1983). Herbicide-binding to thylakoid membranes of a DCMU-resistant mutant ofChlamydomonas reinhardii.FEBS Lett. 158: 147–150.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, D., V. Walbot, and E. H. Coe, Jr. (1983). Plastid development iniojap- and chloroplast mutator-affected maize plants.Amer. J. Bot. 70: 940–950.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Umiel, U., and R. Goldner (1976). Effects of streptomycin on diploid tobacco callus cultures and the isolation of resistant mutants.Protoplasma 89: 83–89.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vaughn, K. C., K. G. Wilson, and K. D. Steward (1978). Light-harvesting pigment-protein complex deficiency inHosta (Liliaceae).Planta 143: 275–278.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vaughn, K. C., and S. O. Duke (1984). Tentoxin stops the processing of polyphenol oxidase into an active protein.Physiol. Plant. 60: 257–261.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walbot, V., and E. H. Coe, Jr. (1979): Nuclear genejojap conditions a programmed change to ribosome-less plastids inZea mays.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 76: 2760–2764.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walbot, V., D. Thompson, G. U. Veith, and E. H. Coe, Jr. (1980). Nuclear genes controlling chloroplast development. In:Genome Organization and Expression in Plants. C.J. Leaver (Ed.). Plenum Publ. Corp., New York pp. 381–399.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warwick, S. I., and L. Black (1980). Uniparental inheritance of atrazine resistance inChenopodium album L.Can. J. Plant. Sci. 60: 751–753.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiseman, A., N. W. Gillham, and J. E. Boynton (1977). The mitochondrial genome of Chlamydomonas. Genetic analysis of non-Mendelian obligate photoauto-trophic mutants.Mol. Gen. Genet. 150: 109–117.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woessner, J. P., A. Masson, E. H. Harris, P. Bennoun, N. W. Gillham, and J. E. Boynton (1984). Molecular and genetic analysis of the chloroplast ATPase ofChlamydomonas.Plant Mol. Biol. 3: 177–190.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wong-Staal, F., and S. G. Wildman (1973). Identification of a mutation in chloroplast DNA correlated with formation of defective chloroplasts in a variegated mutant ofNicotiana tabacum.Planta 113: 313–326.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yurina, N. P., M. S. Odintsova, and P. Maliga (1978). An altered chloroplast ribosomal protein in a streptomycin resistant tobacco mutant.Theor. Appl. Genet. 52: 125–128.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bereich Genetik, Sektion Biologie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 1040, Berlin, German Democratic Republic

    Thomas Börner

  2. Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, 48824-1312, East Lansing, MI, USA

    Barbara B. Sears

Authors
  1. Thomas Börner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Barbara B. Sears
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Börner, T., Sears, B.B. Plastome mutants. Plant Mol Biol Rep 4, 69–92 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02732104

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02732104

Keywords

Search

Navigation