FootNotes
P. W. Anderson:Phys. Rev.,130, 439 (1963);P. W. Higgs:Phys. Rev.,145, 1156 (1966);F. Englert andR. Brout:Phys. Rev. Lett.,13, 321 (1964):T. W. B. Kibble:Phys. Rev.,155, 1554 (1967).
Y. Freundlich andD. Lurié:Nucl. Phys.,19 B, 557 (1970).
Y. Nambu andG. Jona-Lasinio:Phys. Rev.,122, 345 (1961);124, 246 (1961).
H. Umezawa:Nuovo Cimento,40 A, 450 (1965).
Y. Takahashi andR. Palmer:Phys. Rev. D,1, 2974 (1970);2, 3086 (1970).
The existence of the last noncovariant term in eq. (15) can easily be seen if the radiation gauge is employed in eqs. (7), (8) and (9). SeeA. Aurilia: University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Ph.D. Thesis (1970).
F. London andH. London:Proc. Roy. Soc., A149, 71 (1935);Physica,2, 341 (1935);L. Leplae andH. Umezawa:Journ. Math. Phys.,10, 2038 (1969).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Research supported in part by the National Research Council of Canada.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Aurilia, A., Takahashi, Y. & Umezawa, H. A role of gauge field in the spontaneous breakdown of symmetry. Lett. Nuovo Cimento 1, 603–606 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02770237
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02770237